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Carcharhiniformes

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Photo Gallery

Carcharhinus falciformis

Sarasota County, Florida, USA

Carcharhinus falciformis

Sarasota County, Florida, USA

Carcharhinus sp.

Central Florida Phosphate Mining District, Polk County, Florida, USA

Carcharhinus falciformis

Sarasota County, Florida, USA

Carcharhinus falciformis

Sarasota County, Florida, USA

Carcharhinus sp.

Central Florida Phosphate Mining District, Polk County, Florida, USA

Carcharhinus falciformis

Sarasota County, Florida, USA

Carcharhinus falciformis

Sarasota County, Florida, USA

Description

Carcharhiniformes, the ground sharks, with over 270 species, are the largest order of sharks. They include a number of common types, such as catsharks, swellsharks, and the sandbar shark.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcharhiniformes, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	887	https://www.gbif.org/species/887
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	154870	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=154870

Rank

order

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Carcharhiniformes

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
class	Chondrichthyes	Huxley 1880
subclass	Elasmobranchii	Bonaparte 1838
infraclass	Euselachii
-	Neoselachii	Compagno 1977
-	Selachii
superorder	Galeomorphi
order	Carcharhiniformes	(Compagno 1973)

Common Name

ground shark

Scientific Name

Carcharhiniformes

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Carchariniformes	order	belongs to Galeomorphii	stated without evidence	Cappetta, 1992
Carchariniformes	order	belongs to Neoselachii	stated without evidence	Long, 1992
Carchariniformes	order	belongs to Elasmobranchii	stated without evidence	Underwood et al., 1999
Carchariniformes	order	belongs to Chondrichthyes	stated without evidence	Purdy et al., 2001
Carchariniformes	order	belongs to Chondrichthyes	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Carchariniformes	order	belongs to Galea	stated without evidence	Underwood and Ward, 2004
Carchariniformes	order	belongs to Chondrichthyes	stated without evidence	Tabuce et al., 2005
Carchariniformes	order	belongs to Galeoidea	stated without evidence	Kriwet, 2005
Carchariniformes	order	belongs to Elasmobranchii	stated without evidence	Malyshkina, 2006
Carchariniformes	order	belongs to Galeomorphii	stated without evidence	Chandler et al., 2006
Carchariniformes	order	belongs to Neoselachii	stated without evidence	Underwood, 2006
Carchariniformes	order	belongs to Galeomorphii	stated without evidence	Kriwet et al., 2009
Carchariniformes	order	belongs to Neoselachii	stated without evidence	Cicimurri and Knight, 2009
Carchariniformes	order	belongs to Galeomorphi	stated with evidence	Long, 2011
Carchariniformes	order	belongs to Galeomorphii	stated without evidence	Engelbrecht et al., 2017
Carchariniformes	order	belongs to Galeomorphi	stated without evidence	Kent, 2018
Carchariniformes	order	belongs to Galeomorphii	stated without evidence	Ebersole et al., 2019

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

217

Extant Size (PBDB)

49 (23%)

First Recorded Appearance

209 - 201 Ma
Mesozoic

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile

Diet

carnivore

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

C. J. Underwood, S. F. Michell, and K. J. Veltkamp. 1999. Shark and Ray teeth from the Hauterivian (Lower Cretaceous) of north-east England. Palaeontology 42(2):287-302

Common Name(s)

Ground Shark, Ground Sharks, Grondhaaien, Gråhajartade Hajar, Roofhaaien, メジロザメ

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcharhiniformes

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Carcharhinidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Requiem Shark	1,227	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Galeocerdidae family	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Hemigaleidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		243	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	0 Ma Extant
Leptochariidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Palaeoscylliidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pentanchidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Proscylliidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	168 Ma Middle Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Pseudotriakidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Scyliorhinidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Cat Shark	71	168 Ma Middle Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Sphyrnidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Hammerhead Shark	152	59.2 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Triakidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Hound Shark	159	133 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Corysodon genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachygaleus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paratriakis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		6	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Protoscyliorhinus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		2	105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pterolamiops genus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Squatigaleus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		3	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1973	Carcharhiniformes Compagno
1992	Carcharhiniformes Cappetta p. 640
1992	Carcharhiniformes Long p. 29
1999	Carchariniformes Underwood et al. p. 292
2001	Carcharhiniformes Purdy et al. p. 139
2002	Carcharhiniformes Sepkoski, Jr.
2004	Carcharhiniformes Underwood and Ward p. 451
2005	Carcharhiniformes Kriwet
2005	Carcharhiniformes Tabuce et al. p. 385

Year	Name and Author
2006	Carcharhiniformes Chandler et al. p. 2
2006	Carcharhiniformes Malyshkina p. 467
2006	Carcharhiniformes Underwood p. 234
2009	Carcharhiniformes Cicimurri and Knight p. 632
2009	Carcharhiniformes Kriwet et al. p. 323
2011	Carchariniformes Long p. 242
2017	Carcharhiniformes Engelbrecht et al. p. 2
2018	Carcharhiniformes Kent p. 103
2019	Carcharhiniformes Ebersole et al. p. 58

References

Underwood C. J., Michell S. F., et al (1999) Shark and Ray teeth from the Hauterivian (Lower Cretaceous) of north-east England, Palaeontology 42 2, 287-302

Cappetta H. (1992) Carcharhiniformes nouveaux (Chondrichthyes, Neoselachii) de l'Ypresien du Bassin de Paris, Geobios 25 2, 639-646 doi:10.1016/0016-6995(92)80103-K

Long D. J. (1992) Sharks from the La Meseta Formation (Eocene), Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12 1, 11-32

Purdy R. W., Schneider V. P., et al (2001) The Neogene sharks, rays, and bony fishes from Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 71-202

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Underwood C. J., Ward D. J. (2004) Neoselachian sharks and rays from the British Bathonian (Middle Jurassic), Palaeontology 47 3, 447-501

Kriwet J. (2005) Additions to the Eocene Selachian Fauna of Antarctica with Comments on Antarctic Selachian Diversity, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 1, 1-7

Tabuce R., Adnet S., et al (2005) Aznag (bassin d'Ouarzazate, Maroc), nouvelle localite a selaciens et mammiferes de l'Eocene moyen (Lutetien) d'Afrique, Bulletin de la societe Geologique du France 2005 176, 381-400

Chandler R. E., Chiswell K. E., et al (2006) Quantifying a possible Miocene phyletic change in Hemipristis (Chondrichthyes) teeth, Palaeontologia Electronica 9 1, 1-14

Malyshkina T. (2006) Late Eocene scyliorhinid sharks from the TransUrals, Russia, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 3, 465-475

Underwood C. J. (2006) Diversification of the Neoselachii (Chondrichthyes) during the Jurassic and Cretaceous, Paleobiology 32 2, 215-235

Cicimurri D. J., Knight J. L. (2009) Late Oligocene sharks and rays from the Chandler Bridge Formation, Dorchester County, South Carolina, USA, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54 4, 627-647

Kriwet J., Nunn E. V., et al (2009) Neoselachians (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Lower and lower Upper Cretaceous of north-eastern Spain, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 2, 316-347 doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00439.x

Long J. A. (2011) , The Rise of Fishes: 500 Million Years of Evolution (Second Edition), 1-287

Engelbrecht A., Mörs T., et al (2017) New carcharhiniform sharks (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the early to middle Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37 6, e1371724 doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1371724

Kent B. W. (2018) The Cartilaginous Fishes (Chimaeras, Sharks, and Rays) of Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, USA, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 100, 45-160

Ebersole J. A., Cicimurri D. J., et al (2019) Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, European Journal of Taxonomy 585, 1-274 doi:10.5852/ejt.2019.585

Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2019). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2019. - via World Register of Marine Species

Van Der Laan, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Fricke, R. (2014). Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa. 3882(1): 1-230. - via World Register of Marine Species

Kullander (2007) Nationalnyckeln Broskfiskar manus - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Brands, S.J. (comp.) (2014) The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. [http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/]. 1989-present. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Compagno, Leonard J. V. / Hamlett, William C., ed., 1999: Checklist of Living Elasmobranchs. Sharks, Skates, and Rays: The Biology of Elasmobranch Fishes. 471-498. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Nelson, Joseph S., 1994: null. Fishes of the World, Third Edition. xvii + 600. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2019). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2019. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Van Der Laan, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Fricke, R. (2014). Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa. 3882(1): 1-230. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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