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Kushan, China

Formation	Kushan
Age:	501 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Interval	Guzhangian
Lithology	limestone, "limestone"/"shale", "shale"/"limestone", siltstone, "shale", dolomite
Number of Collections	49
Number of Occurrences	236

Recorded Sample Locations

Location	Region	Stratigraphic Name
Zichuan	Zichuan District, Zibo, Shandong, China	Kushan
Erdaogou	Benxi Co., Benxi, Liaoning, China	Kushan
Yaopu	Benxi, Liaoning, China	Kushan
Wutingshan	Liaoyang Co., Liaoyang, Liaoning, China	Kushan
Guan-kou	Dengfeng Co., Zhengzhou, Henan, China	Kushan
Huangyangshan	Laicheng District, Laiwu, Shandong, China	Kushan
Jiulongshan	Xintai Co., Tai'an, Shandong, China	Kushan
Panchegou	Xintai Co., Tai'an, Shandong, China	Kushan
Guankou	Gongyi Co., Zhengzhou, Henan, China	Kushan
Chishanhe	Henan, China	Kushan
Weishan Hill	Tangshan, Hebei, China	Kushan
Liujiayao	Qingshuihe County, Hohhot City (Huhehaote Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, China	Kushan
Hutoushan	Pinglu Co., Yuncheng, Shanxi, China	Kushan
Lotolingtze	Benxi Co., Benxi, Liaoning, China	Kushan
Tangwangzhai	Jinan, Shandong, China	Kushan
Pangjiawa-Huamiaotsun	Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China	Kushan
Yunmengshan	Jiaokou County, Lüliang, Shanxi, China	Kushan
Weijiacun	Ruzhou City, Pingdingshan, Henan, China	Kushan
Pekou	Qingshuihe County, Hohhot City (Huhehaote Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, China	Kushan
Subaiyingou	Ordos City (E'erduosi Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, China	Kushan

Associated Units

Stratigraphic Name	Age	Lithology	Occurrence Records
Changshan	499 - 485 Ma Cambrian	dolomite, "limestone", "shale"/"limestone", "limestone"/"shale"	70
Fengshan	497 - 485 Ma Cambrian	dolomite, "limestone", "shale"/"limestone", "limestone"/"shale", sandstone	157
Hsuchuang	513 - 505 Ma Cambrian	limestone/"shale", "limestone", "shale"/sandstone, "shale"/"limestone", "limestone"/sandstone	194
Manto	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian	shale, dolomite, dolomite/"limestone", "limestone", "limestone"/"shale"	8
Maochuang	513 - 505 Ma Cambrian	limestone/"shale", "shale"/"limestone", "shale"/sandstone, "limestone"	50
Xinji	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian	limestone, dolomite, phosphorite	135
Zhangxia	501 - 497 Ma Cambrian	reef rocks, "limestone", "limestone"/marl, dolomite, dolomite/"limestone"	112

Recorded Fossils

Accepted Name	Type	Hierarchy	Age
Formosagnostus convexus species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Agnostida : Agnostidae : Formosagnostus : *Formosagnostus convexus*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Lotagnostus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Agnostida : Agnostidae : *Lotagnostus*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Quadrahomagnostus subquadratus species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Agnostida : Agnostidae : Quadrahomagnostus : *Quadrahomagnostus subquadratus*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Quadrahomagnostus tienshihfuensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Agnostida : Agnostidae : Quadrahomagnostus : *Quadrahomagnostus tienshihfuensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Clavagnostus spinosus species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Agnostida : Clavagnostidae : Clavagnostus : *Clavagnostus spinosus*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Oedorhachis taitzehoensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Agnostida : Diplagnostidae : Oedorhachis : *Oedorhachis taitzehoensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Pseudagnostina douvillei species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Agnostida : Diplagnostidae : Pseudagnostina : *Pseudagnostina douvillei*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Pseudagnostus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Agnostida : Diplagnostidae : *Pseudagnostus*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Wutingshania lui species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Agnostida : Anomocaridae : Wutingshania : *Wutingshania lui*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Liostracina krausei species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Asaphida : Liostracinidae : Liostracina : *Liostracina krausei*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Erediaspis sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : Tricrepicephalidae : *Erediaspis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Chiawangella pacifica species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Corynexochida : Leiostegiidae : Chiawangella : *Chiawangella pacifica*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Chiawangella pustulosa species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Corynexochida : Leiostegiidae : Chiawangella : *Chiawangella pustulosa*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Chuangioides punctatus species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Corynexochida : Leiostegiidae : Chuangioides : *Chuangioides punctatus*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Chuangioides subaiyingouensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Corynexochida : Leiostegiidae : Chuangioides : *Chuangioides subaiyingouensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Shirakiellidae family	5	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Corynexochida : Shirakiellidae	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Bergeronites sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : *Bergeronites*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Bergeronites neimonggolensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Bergeronites : *Bergeronites neimonggolensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Blackwelderia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : *Blackwelderia*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Blackwelderia chiawangensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Blackwelderia : *Blackwelderia chiawangensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Blackwelderia fortis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Blackwelderia : *Blackwelderia fortis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Blackwelderia liaoningensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Blackwelderia : *Blackwelderia liaoningensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Blackwelderia mui species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Blackwelderia : *Blackwelderia mui*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Blackwelderia octaspina species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Blackwelderia : *Blackwelderia octaspina*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Blackwelderia paronai species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Blackwelderia : *Blackwelderia paronai*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Blackwelderia pingluensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Blackwelderia : *Blackwelderia pingluensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Blackwelderia shengi species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Blackwelderia : *Blackwelderia shengi*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Blackwelderia sinensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Blackwelderia : *Blackwelderia sinensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Blackwelderia triangularis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Blackwelderia : *Blackwelderia triangularis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Blackwelderioides monkei species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Blackwelderioides : *Blackwelderioides monkei*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Damesella blackwelderi species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Damesella : *Damesella blackwelderi*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Damesellidae family	5	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Damesops convexus species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Damesops : *Damesops convexus*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Dorypygella hsihsienensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : Emmrichellidae : Teinistion : *Dorypygella hsihsienensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Drepanura ketteleri species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Neodrepanura : *Drepanura ketteleri*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Drepanura transversa species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Neodrepanura : *Drepanura transversa*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Guancenshania lilia species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Guancenshania : *Guancenshania lilia*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Haibowania zhuozishanensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Haibowania : *Haibowania zhuozishanensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Metashantungia brevica species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Metashantungia : *Metashantungia brevica*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Neodrepanura sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : *Neodrepanura*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Neodrepanura premesnili species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Neodrepanura : *Neodrepanura premesnili*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Parablackwelderia luensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Parablackwelderia : *Parablackwelderia luensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Shantungia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : *Shantungia*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Shantungia spinifera species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Shantungia : *Shantungia spinifera*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Stephanocare ordosensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Stephanocare : *Stephanocare ordosensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Stephanocare richthofeni species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Stephanocare : *Stephanocare richthofeni*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Taitzehoia erhtaokouensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Taitzehoia : *Taitzehoia erhtaokouensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Taitzehoia wangi species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Taitzehoia : *Taitzehoia wangi*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Teinistion sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : *Teinistion*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Teinistion lansi species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Teinistion : *Teinistion lansi*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Teinistion liaoningensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Teinistion : *Teinistion liaoningensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Teinistion tangshihlingensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Teinistion : *Teinistion tangshihlingensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Teinistion typicalis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Teinistion : *Teinistion typicalis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Teinistion yangi species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Lichida : Damesellidae : Teinistion : *Teinistion yangi*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Kushanopyge serrata species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Asaphida : Monkaspididae : Monkaspis : *Kushanopyge serrata*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Liaoningaspis sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Asaphida : Monkaspididae : *Liaoningaspis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Liaoningaspis taitzehoensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Asaphida : Monkaspididae : Liaoningaspis : *Liaoningaspis taitzehoensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Liaoningaspis zhongjingensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Asaphida : Monkaspididae : Liaoningaspis : *Liaoningaspis zhongjingensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Monkaspis daulis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Asaphida : Monkaspididae : Monkaspis : *Monkaspis daulis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Monkaspis neimonggolensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Asaphida : Monkaspididae : Monkaspis : *Monkaspis neimonggolensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Monkaspis serratus species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Asaphida : Monkaspididae : Monkaspis : *Monkaspis serratus*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Walcottaspidella suni species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Asaphida : Monkaspididae : Walcottaspidella : *Walcottaspidella suni*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Hebeia hutoushanensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Polycyrtaspididae : Hebeia : *Hebeia hutoushanensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Hebeia pingquanensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Polycyrtaspididae : Hebeia : *Hebeia pingquanensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Hebeia pulchera species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Polycyrtaspididae : Hebeia : *Hebeia pulchera*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Cyclolorenzella sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : *Cyclolorenzella*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Cyclolorenzella distincta species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : Cyclolorenzella : *Cyclolorenzella distincta*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Cyclolorenzella hebeiensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : Cyclolorenzella : *Cyclolorenzella hebeiensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Cyclolorenzella longispina species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : Cyclolorenzella : *Cyclolorenzella longispina*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Cyclolorenzella parabola species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : Cyclolorenzella : *Cyclolorenzella parabola*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Cyclolorenzella uniforma species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : Cyclolorenzella : *Cyclolorenzella uniforma*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Cyclolorenzella yentaiensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : Cyclolorenzella : *Cyclolorenzella yentaiensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Diceratocephalus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : *Diceratocephalus*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Diceratocephalus armatus species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : Diceratocephalus : *Diceratocephalus armatus*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Jiulongshania regularis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : Inouyiidae : Jiulongshania : *Jiulongshania regularis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Kingstonia neimonggolensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : Kingstoniidae : Kingstonia : *Kingstonia neimonggolensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Lorenzella sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : Lorenzellidae : *Lorenzella*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Lorenzella convexa species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : Lorenzellidae : Lorenzella : *Lorenzella convexa*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Lorenzella kushanensis species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : Lorenzellidae : Lorenzella : *Lorenzella kushanensis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Lorenzella subcylindrica species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : Lorenzellidae : Lorenzella : *Lorenzella subcylindrica*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Paramenomonia conica species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : Menomoniidae : Paramenomonia : *Paramenomonia conica*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Pingluaspis minor species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : Ptychopariidae : Pingluaspis : *Pingluaspis minor*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Tangshihlingia subtriangulata species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : Agraulidae : Tangshihlingia : *Tangshihlingia subtriangulata*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Phakelodus tenuis species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Conodonta : Amphigeisinidae : Phakelodus : *Phakelodus tenuis*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Proscandodus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Conodonta : *Proscandodus*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Furnishina sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Conodonta : Paraconodontida : *Furnishina*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Furnishina furnishi species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Conodonta : Paraconodontida : Furnishina : *Furnishina furnishi*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Muellerodus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Conodonta : Paraconodontida : *Muellerodus*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Prooneotodus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Conodonta : Paraconodontida : *Prooneotodus*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Prosagittodontus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Conodonta : Paraconodontida : *Prosagittodontus*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian
Westergaardodina sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Conodonta : Paraconodontida : *Westergaardodina*	500.5 - 497 Ma Cambrian

References

Chu C. L. (1959) Trilobites from the Kushan Formation of north and northeastern China, Memoirs of the Institute of Palaeontology Academia Sinica 2, 44-128

Qian Y. Y. (1982) Ontogeny of Pseudagnostus benxiensis sp. nov. (Trilobita), Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 21, 632-643

Zhang J. L. (1985) New material of the Early Gushanian trilobites in Zhuozishan district, Nei Monggol Zizhiqu (Autonomous Region), Bulletin of the Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources 13, 111-120

Zhang J. L., Wang S. X. (1986) Some Late Cambrian Kushanian trilobites from Pinglu, Shanxi, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 25 6, 663-671

Zhu Z. L., Wittke H. W. (1989) Upper Cambrian trilobites from Tangshan, Hebei Province, North China, Palaeontologia Cathayana 4, 199-259

Sun X. (1989) Cambrian agnostids from the North China Platform, Palaeontologia Cathayana 4, 53-129

Zhang J. L., Zhou P. W. (1993) Some Late Cambrian trilobites from Kushan Formation of Qingshuihe, Inner Mongolia, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 32 6, 740-746

Zhang W., Xiang L., et al (1995) Cambrian stratigraphy and trilobites from Henan, Palaeontologia Cathayana 6, 1-166

Peng S. C., Yang X. F., et al (2008) The oldest known stalk-eyed trilobite, Parablackwelderia Kobayashi, 1942 (Damesellinae, Cambrian), and its occurence in Shandong, China, Journal of Paleontology 82 4, 842-850

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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