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Pustulosida ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Australaster sp.

Mount Disappointment, City of Whittlesea, Victoria, Australia

Australaster sp.

Mount Disappointment, City of Whittlesea, Victoria, Australia

Australaster sp.

Mount Disappointment, City of Whittlesea, Victoria, Australia

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	31347	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=31347

Rank

order (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Asteroidea : Pustulosida

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata	Klein 1754
subphylum	Asterozoa	von Zittel 1895
class	Asteroidea	de Blainville 1830
order	Pustulosida	Spencer 1951

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Pustulosida	suborder	belongs to Phanerozonida	stated without evidence	Spencer, 1951
Pustulosida	suborder	belongs to Valvatida	stated with evidence	Spencer and Wright, 1966
Pustulosida	order	belongs to Asteroidea	stated with evidence	Blake, 1989
Pustulosida	order	belongs to Asteroidea	stated without evidence	Webster et al., 1999
Pustulosida	order	belongs to Asteroidea	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

453 - 445 Ma
Late/Upper Ordovician

Last Recorded Appearance

290 - 279 Ma
Permian

Environment

marine (based on Echinodermata)

Motility

slow-moving (based on Asteroidea)

Vision

limited (based on Asteroidea)

Diet

carnivore (based on Asteroidea)

Reproduction

dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Echinodermata)

Ontogeny

accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)

Taphonomy

high Mg calcite (based on Asteroidea)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

W. K. Spencer. 1951. Early Palaeozoic starfish. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series B 235(B623):87-129

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Bimarginalina ✝ suborder	listed (PBDB)
Palaeasteraceae ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)	3	443 Ma Silurian	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Promopalaeasteraceae ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)	1	443 Ma Silurian	443 Ma Silurian
Palaeasteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	453 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	290 Ma Permian
Petrasteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Schuchertiidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Xenasteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Mesopalaeasterinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)	3	431 Ma Silurian	388 Ma Middle Devonian

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1951	Pustulosa Spencer p. 122
1965	Pustulosa Owen p. 567
1966	Pustulosina Spencer and Wright p. U48
1989	Pustulosida Blake p. 212
1999	Pustulosida Webster et al. p. 476
2002	Pustulosida Sepkoski, Jr.

References

Spencer W. K. (1951) Early Palaeozoic starfish, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series B 235 B623, 87-129

Spencer W. K., Wright C.W. (1966) Asterozoans, Moore R.C. ed, Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Echinodermata, University of Kansas Press and the Geological Society of America 3 1, U4-U107

Blake D. B. (1989) Asteroidea: functional morphology, classification and phylogeny, In M. Jangoux & J.M. Lawrence (Eds.) Echinoderm studies, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam 3, 179-223

Webster G. D., Hafley D. J., et al (1999) Crinoids and Stelleroids (Echinodermata) from the Broken Rib Member, Dyer Formation (Late Devonian, Famennian) of the White River Plateau, Colorado, Journal of Paleontology 73 3, 461-486

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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