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Pengornis ✝

Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)166965https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=166965
Rankgenus (PBDB)
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Pengornithidae : Pengornis
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-DinosauromorphaBenton 1985
-DinosauriformesNovas 1992
-Dinosauria
-Saurischia
-Theropoda
-NeotheropodaBakker 1986
-AverostraPaul 2002
-TetanuraeGauthier 1986
orderAvetheropodaPaul 1988
suborderCoelurosauriaHuene 1914
-ManiraptoraGauthier 1986
-ParavesSereno 1997
classAvesLinnaeus 1758
-PygostyliaChiappe 2002
-OrnithothoracesChiappe and Calvo 1994
subclassEnantiornithesWalker 1981
familyPengornithidaeWang et al. 2014
genusPengornisZhou et al. 2008
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Pengornisgenusbelongs to Enantiornithesstated with evidenceZhou et al., 2008
Pengornisgenusbelongs to Enantiornithesstated without evidenceZhou and Wang, 2010
Pengornisgenusbelongs to Enantiornithesstated with evidenceO'Connor and Zelenkov, 2013
Pengornisgenusbelongs to Enantiornithesstated without evidenceO'Connor et al., 2014
Pengornisgenusbelongs to Pengornithidaestated with evidenceWang et al., 2014
Pengornisgenusbelongs to Pygostyliastated without evidenceLefevre et al., 2014
Pengornisgenusbelongs to Enantiornithesstated with evidenceWang and Liu, 2015
Pengornisgenusbelongs to Pengornithidaestated with evidenceHu et al., 2015
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)2
First Recorded Appearance125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Last Recorded Appearance125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Environmentterrestrial (based on Theropoda)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Theropoda)
Dietcarnivore (based on Coelurosauria)
Reproductionoviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)
Ontogenyaccretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)
Primary Reference (PBDB)Z. Zhou, J. Clarke, and F. Zhang. 2008. Insight into diversity, body size and morphological evolution from the largest Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird. Journal of Anatomy 212(5):565-577

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Pengornis houi ✝
species		listed (PBDB)1125 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous		125 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
2008Pengornis Zhou et al. p. 565
2010Pengornis Zhou and Wang
2013Pengornis O'Connor and Zelenkov
2014Pengornis Han et al.
2014Pengornis Lefevre et al.
2014Pengornis O'Connor et al.
YearName and Author
2014Pengornis Wang et al.
2014Pengornis Wang et al.
2014Pengornis Zhang et al.
2015Pengornis Hu et al.
2015Pengornis Wang and Liu
2015Pengornis Wang et al.

References

Zhou Z., Clarke J., et al (2008) Insight into diversity, body size and morphological evolution from the largest Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird, Journal of Anatomy 212 5, 565-577
Zhou Z. -H., Wang Y. (2010) Vertebrate diversity of the Jehol Biota as compared with other Lagerstätten, Science China, Earth Sciences 53 12, 1895-1907 doi:10.1007/s11430-010-4094-9
O'Connor J. K., Zelenkov N. V. (2013) The phylogenetic position of Ambiortus: comparison with other Mesozoic birds from Asia, Paleontological Journal 47 11, 1270-1281
Lefevre U., Hu D., et al (2014) A new long-tailed basal bird from the Lower Cretaceous of north-eastern China, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 113, 790-804
O'Connor J. K., Averianov A. O., et al (2014) A confuciusornithiform (Aves, Pygostylia)-like tarsometatarsus from the Early Cretaceous of Siberia and a discussion of the evolution of avian hind limb musculature, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 3, 647-656
Wang X., O'Connor J. K., et al (2014) Insights into the evolution of rachis dominated tail feathers from a new basal enantiornithine (Aves: Ornithothoraces), Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 113, 806-819
Wang M., Zhou Z.-H., et al (2014) A new diverse enantiornithine family (Bohaiornithidae fam. nov.) from the Lower Cretaceous of China with information from two new species, Vertebrata PalAsiatica 52 1, 31-76
Zhang Y., O'Connor J., et al (2014) New information on the anatomy of the Chinese Early Cretaceous Bohaiornithidae (Aves: Enantiornithes) from a subadult specimen of Zhourornis hani, PeerJ 2, e407
Hu H., O'Connor J. K., et al (2015) A new species of Pengornithidae (Aves: Enantiornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous of China suggests a specialized scansorial habitat previously unknown in early birds, Plos One 10 6, e0126791 doi:doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126791
Wang M., Liu D. (2015) Taxonomical reappraisal of Cathayornithidae (Aves: Enantiornithes), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2014.994087
Wang M., Zheng X., et al (2015) The oldest record of Ornithuromorpha from the Early Cretaceous of China, Nature Communications 6 6987 doi:10.1038/ncomms7987
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
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