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Clypeasteridae

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Clypeaster sp.

Marvila, Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

Clypeaster sp.

Marvila, Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

Clypeaster sp.

Marvila, Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	153376	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=153376

Rank

family (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Clypeasteroida : Clypeasteridae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata	Klein 1754
subphylum	Echinozoa	von Zittel 1895
class	Echinoidea
subclass	Euechinoidea	Bronn 1860
superorder	Acroechinoidea
-	Carinacea	Kroh and Smith 2010
-	Irregularia
-	Microstomata	Smith 1984
-	Neognathostomata	Smith 1981
order	Clypeasteroida	Agassiz 1836
suborder	Clypeasterina
family	Clypeasteridae	Agassiz 1836

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Clypeasteridae	family	belongs to Irregularia	stated without evidence	d'Orbigny, 1849
Clypeasteridae	family	belongs to Clypeasterina	stated without evidence	Clark and Twitchell, 1915
Clypeasteridae	family	belongs to Clypeastrina	stated without evidence	Grant and Hertlein, 1938
Clypeasteridae	family	belongs to Clypeasterina	stated without evidence	Durham, 1966
Clypeasteridae	family	belongs to Clypeasteroida	stated without evidence	Donovan et al., 2005
Clypeasteridae	family	belongs to Clypeasterina	stated with evidence	Kroh and Smith, 2010

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

14 (26%)

First Recorded Appearance

41.3 - 38.0 Ma
Eocene

Environment

marine (based on Echinodermata)

Motility

slow-moving (based on Clypeasteroida)

Vision

limited (based on Echinoidea)

Diet

detritivore (based on Clypeasteroida)

Reproduction

dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Echinodermata)

Ontogeny

accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)

Taphonomy

high Mg calcite (based on Echinoidea)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

L. Agassiz. 1836. Prodrome d'une monographie des radiaires ou échinodermes. Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de Neuchâtel 1:168-199

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Ammotrophinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Arachnoidinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	7	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Clypeasterinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Clypeaster genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	228	41.3 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Diplothecanthus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	3	28.4 Ma Oligocene	5.33 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1849	Clypeasteridae d'Orbigny p. 121
1915	Clypeasteridae Clark and Twitchell p. 67
1938	Clypeastridae Grant and Hertlein p. 42
1966	Clypeasteridae Durham p. U462
2005	Clypeasteridae Donovan et al. p. 107
2010	Clypeasteridae Kroh and Smith p. 172

References

Agassiz L. Prodrome d'une monographie des radiaires ou échinodermes, Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de Neuchâtel 1, 168-199

Clark W. B., Twitchell M. W. (1915) The Mesozoic and Cenozoic Echinodermata of the United States, United States Geological Survey Bulletin 54, 1-341

Grant U. S., Hertlein L. G. (1938) The West American Cenozoic Echinoidea, Publications of the University of California at Los Angeles in Mathematical and Physical Sciences 2, 1-225

Durham J. W. (1966) Clypeasteroids, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,Part U Echinodermata 3. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press 2, U450-U491

Donovan S. K., Portell R. W., et al (2005) Lower Miocene echinoderms of Jamaica, West Indies, Scripta Geologica 129, 91-135

Kroh A., Smith A. B. (2010) The phylogeny and classification of post-Palaeozoic echinoids, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 8 2, 147-212 doi:10.1080/14772011003603556

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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