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Eutheria

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	40209	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40209

Rank

infraclass (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Eutheria

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
subclass	Eutheria

Common Name

eutherian

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Eutheria	subclass	belongs to Mammalia	stated with evidence	Huxley, 1880
Eutheria	subclass	belongs to Mammalia	stated without evidence	Cope, 1889
Eutheria	unranked clade	belongs to Theria	stated without evidence	Parker and Haswell, 1897
Eutheria	subclass	belongs to Mammalia	stated with evidence	Gadow, 1898
Eutheria	subclass	belongs to Mammalia	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Eutheria	subclass	belongs to Theria	stated without evidence	Gregory, 1910
Eutheria	unranked clade	belongs to Tribosphenida	stated without evidence	McKenna, 1975
Eutheria	unranked clade	belongs to Theria	stated with evidence	Gardiner, 1982
Eutheria	infraclass	belongs to Mammalia	stated without evidence	Hooker, 1986
Eutheria	subclass	belongs to Theria	stated without evidence	Lillegraven and McKenna, 1986
Eutheria	subclass	belongs to Theria	implied	Carroll, 1988
Eutheria	infraclass	belongs to Theria	stated without evidence	Prothero and Schoch, 1989
Eutheria	subclass	belongs to Tribosphenida	stated with evidence	Cifelli, 1993
Eutheria	unranked clade	belongs to Theria	stated without evidence	Novacek et al., 1997
Eutheria	subclass	belongs to Boreosphenida	stated without evidence	Ji et al., 2002
Eutheria	unranked clade	belongs to Mammalia	stated without evidence	Asher et al., 2002
Eutheria	subclass	belongs to Theria	stated with evidence	Luo et al., 2003
Eutheria	unranked clade	belongs to Theria	stated without evidence	Averianov and Archibald, 2005
Eutheria	unranked clade	belongs to Theria	stated with evidence	Wible et al., 2007
Eutheria	infraclass	belongs to Mammalia	stated without evidence	Kramarz et al., 2010
Eutheria	subclass	belongs to Theria	stated without evidence	Scott, 2010
Eutheria	subclass	belongs to Theria	stated with evidence	Luo et al., 2011
Eutheria	subclass	belongs to Theria	stated without evidence	Hunt, 2011
Eutheria	unranked clade	belongs to Mammalia	implied	Vianey-Liaud et al., 2014
Eutheria	infraclass	belongs to Tribosphenida	stated with evidence	Sweetman et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

17,824

Extant Size (PBDB)

2,905 (16%)

First Recorded Appearance

168 - 157 Ma
Jurassic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

insectivore (based on Mammaliaformes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

T. H. Huxley. 1880. On the application of the laws of evolution to the arrangement of the Vertebrata, and more particularly of the Mammalia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London 43:649-662

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Leptictida superorder	listed (PBDB)		345	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Mutica superorder	listed (PBDB)
Paraxonia superorder	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Therictoidea superorder	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Acreodi ✝ order	listed (PBDB)		396	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Bibymalagasia ✝ order	listed (PBDB)
Didymoconida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)		48	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	23.0 Ma Miocene
Hyaenodonta order	listed (PBDB)		1,141	63.3 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Insectivora order	listed (PBDB)	Insectivoran	389	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Notopterna ✝ order	listed (PBDB)
Notoungulata order	listed (PBDB)	Notoungulate	1,635	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Proteutheria ✝ order	listed (PBDB)		15	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	55.8 Ma Eocene
Trogontia order	listed (PBDB)		446	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Ungulata order	listed (PBDB)		24,012	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Kennalestoidea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)
Arctocyonidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Condylarth	806	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	48.6 Ma Eocene
Holoclemensiidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	122 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Horolodectidae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)		5	61.7 Ma Paleocene	61.7 Ma Paleocene
Mingotheriidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	56.8 Ma Paleocene
Nanocuridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Oligoryctidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	46.2 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Zalambdalestidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		27	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Zhelestidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		65	157 Ma Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Acristatherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Ambilestes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ambolestes ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Durlstodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	145 Ma Late Jurassic	145 Ma Late Jurassic
Durlstotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	145 Ma Late Jurassic	145 Ma Late Jurassic
Endotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Eomaia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	129 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	129 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Hovurlestes ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Juramaia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	168 Ma Middle Jurassic	164 Ma Middle Jurassic
Montanalestes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Pahelia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		2	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Palaeorycteropus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Paranyctoides ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		20	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Prokennalestes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Sahnitherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Sazlestes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Scollardius ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Sinodelphys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	129 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	129 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Asioryctitheria ✝ unranked clade	listed (PBDB)		21	112 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cimolesta ✝ unranked clade	listed (PBDB)		1,393	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Gliriformes unranked clade	listed (PBDB)		44	61.7 Ma Paleocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Placentalia unranked clade	listed (PBDB)	Placental	65,663	130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Taeniodonta ✝ unranked clade	listed (PBDB)	Taeniodont	175	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	46.2 Ma Eocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1821	Quadripedes Gray p. 300
1880	Eutheria Huxley p. 657
1889	Eutheria Cope p. 874
1891	Eutheria Flower and Lydekker p. 89
1897	Eutheria Parker and Haswell p. 449
1898	Eutheria Gadow p. 41
1902	Eutheria Hay p. 563
1910	Eutheria Gregory p. 464
1930	Heptaconodon Zdansky pp. 58-61 figs. III: 22-23
1930	Heptaconodon dubium Zdansky p. 58 figs. III: 22-23
1965	Eutheria Sloan and Van Valen p. 221
1974	Prozalambdalestes Trofimov
1974	Prozalambdalestes simpsoni Trofimov
1975	Eutheria McKenna p. 40
1982	Eutheria Gardiner p. 229
1986	Eutheria Hooker p. 222
1986	Eutheria Lillegraven and McKenna p. 37
1988	Eutheria Carroll

Year	Name and Author
1989	Eutheria Prothero and Schoch p. 530
1991	Eutheria Wible
1993	Eutheria Cifelli p. 9415
1997	Eutheria Novacek et al. p. 483
2002	Eutheria Asher et al.
2002	Eutheria Ji et al. p. 816
2003	Eutheria Luo et al. p. 1938
2005	Eutheria Averianov and Archibald p. 595
2007	Eutheria Wible et al. p. 1003
2010	Eutheria Asher and Helgen p. 3 figs. Figure 1
2010	Eutheria Kramarz et al.
2010	Eutheria Scott p. 1452
2011	Eutheria Averianov and Lopatin p. 34
2011	Eutheria Hunt, Jr. p. 21
2011	Eutheria Luo et al. p. 444
2014	Eutheria Vianey-Liaud et al. p. 576
2017	Eutheria Sweetman et al.

References

Huxley T. H. On the application of the laws of evolution to the arrangement of the Vertebrata, and more particularly of the Mammalia, Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London 43, 649-662

Gray J. E. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals, The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15, 296-310

Cope E. D. Synopsis of the families of Vertebrata, The American Naturalist 23, 1-29

Parker T. J., Haswell W. A. , A Text-Book of Zoology II, xx-680

Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Gregory W. K. (1910) The orders of mammals, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 27, 1-524

Zdansky O. (1930) Die alttertiären Säugetiere Chinas nebst stratigraphischen Bemerkungen (Mammalian fauna of the Lower Tertiary from China and some stratigraphic remarks), Palaeontologia Sinica, Series C 7 2, 1-87

Sloan R. E., Van Valen L. (1965) Cretaceous mammals from Montana, Science 148 3667, 220-227

McKenna M. C. (1975) Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mammalia, Phylogeny of the Primates, Plenum Publishing, New York, 21-46

Hooker J. J. (1986) Mammals from the Bartonian (middle/late Eocene) of the Hampshire Basin, southern England, Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 39 4, 191-478

Lillegraven J. A., McKenna M. C. (1986) Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages", American Museum Novitates 2840, 1-68

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Prothero D. R., Schoch R. M. (1989) Classification of the Perissodactyla, The Evolution of Perissodactyla, 530-537

Wible J. R. (1991) Origin of Mammalia: the craniodental evidence reexamined, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11 1, 1-28

Cifelli R. L. (1993) Early Cretaceous mammal from North America and the evolution of marsupial dental characters, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 90 20, 9413-9416

Novacek M. J., Rougier G. W., et al (1997) Epipubic bones in eutherian mammals from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia, Nature 389, 483-486

Asher R. J., McKenna M. C., et al (2002) Morphology and relationships of Apternodus and other extinct, zalambdodont, placental mammals, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 273, 1-117

Ji Q., Luo Z.-X., et al (2002) The earliest known eutherian mammal, Nature 416, 816-822

Luo Z.-X., Ji Q., et al (2003) An Early Cretaceous tribosphenic mammal and metatherian evolution, Science 302, 1934-1939

Averianov A., Archibald J. D. (2005) Mammals from the mid-Cretaceous Khodzhakul Formation, Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan, Cretaceous Research 26 4, 593-608

Wible J. R., Rougier G. W., et al (2007) Cretaceous eutherians and Laurasian origin for placental mammals near the K/T boundary, Nature 447, 1003-1006

Asher R. J., Helgen K. M. (2010) Nomenclature and placental mammal phylogeny, BMC Evolutionary BIology 10 102, 1-9

Kramarz A. G., Vucetich M. G., et al (2010) A new mammal fauna at the top of the Gran Barranca sequence and its biochronological significance, The Paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and Environmental Change through the Middle Cenozoic of Patagonia, 264-277

Scott C. S. (2010) Eudaemonema webbi sp. nov. (Mammalia, Mixodectidae) from the late Paleocene of western Canada: the youngest known mixodectid, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 47 12, 1451-1462 doi:10.1139/E10-074

Averianov A. O., Lopatin A. V. (2011) Phylogeny of Triconodonts and Symmetrodonts and the Origin of Extant Mammals, Doklady Biological Sciences 436, 32-35

Hunt, Jr. R. M. (2011) Evolution of Large Carnivores During the Mid-Cenozoic of North America: The Temnocyonine Radiation (Mammalia, Amphicyonidae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 358, 1-153 doi:10.1206/358.1

Luo Z.-X., Yuan C.-X., et al (2011) A Jurassic eutherian mammal and divergence of marsupials and placentals, Nature 476, 442-445 doi:10.1038/nature10291

Vianey-Liaud M., Comte B., et al (2014) A new early late Oligocene (MP 26) continental vertebrate fauna from Saint-Privat-des-Vieux (Alès Basin, Gard, Southern France), Geodiversitas 36 4, 565-622 doi:10.5252/g2014n4a4

Sweetman S. C., Smith G., et al (2017) Highly derived eutherian mammals from the earliest Cretaceous of southern Britain, Acata Paleontologica Polonica 62 4, 657-665 doi:10.4202/app.00408.2017

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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