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Arctocyonidae ✝
| Description | Arctocyonidae (from Greek arktos kyôn, "bear/dog-like") has been defined as an extinct family of unspecialized, primitive mammals with more than 20 genera. Animals assigned to this family were most abundant during the Paleocene, but extant from the late Cretaceous to the early Eocene (66 to 50 million years ago).Like most early mammals, their actual relationships are very difficult to resolve. No Paleocene fossil has been unambiguously assigned to any living order of placental mammals, and many genera resemble each other: generalized robust, not very agile animals with long tails and all-purpose chewing teeth, living in warm closed-canopy forests with many niches left vacant by the K-T extinction. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctocyonidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | family | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Arctocyonidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Common Name | condylarth | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific Name | Arctocyonidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extinct | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 116 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 72.1 - 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Last Recorded Appearance | 48.6 - 37.2 Ma Eocene | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environment | terrestrial (based on Eutheria) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diet | omnivore | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ecospace Comments | ominvorous (Wilson 1975, p. 368); ground dwelling life habit is based on Arctocyon, but Chriacus was scansorial (Archibald 1998) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | phosphatic (based on Vertebrata) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name(s) | Condylarth | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctocyonidae |
External Images
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
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| Arctocyoninae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Loxolophinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Anacodon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 29 | 61.7 Ma Paleocene | 55.8 Ma Eocene | |
| Aphanocyon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 61.7 Ma Paleocene | 58.7 Ma Paleocene | |
| Arctocyon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 78 | 63.3 Ma Paleocene | 56.8 Ma Paleocene | |
| Arctocyonides ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 7 | 61.6 Ma Paleocene | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | |
| Baioconodon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 52 | 72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Carcinodon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6 | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Chriacus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 164 | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 55.8 Ma Eocene | |
| Claenodon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 13 | 63.3 Ma Paleocene | 61.7 Ma Paleocene | |
| Colpoclaenus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 17 | 63.3 Ma Paleocene | 61.7 Ma Paleocene | |
| Desmatoclaenus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 15 | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 61.7 Ma Paleocene | |
| Deuterogonodon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6 | 63.3 Ma Paleocene | 63.3 Ma Paleocene | |
| Heteroborus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Hyodectes ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Karakia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 55.8 Ma Eocene | 55.8 Ma Eocene | |
| Lambertocyon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 21 | 61.7 Ma Paleocene | 56.8 Ma Paleocene | |
| Landenodon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 12 | 59.2 Ma Paleocene | 55.8 Ma Eocene | |
| Loxolophus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 45 | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 63.3 Ma Paleocene | |
| Mentoclaenodon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 61.7 Ma Paleocene | 61.6 Ma Paleocene | |
| Mimotricentes ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 17 | 63.3 Ma Paleocene | 61.7 Ma Paleocene | |
| Oxyprimus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 38 | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 61.7 Ma Paleocene | |
| Oxytomodon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 63.3 Ma Paleocene | 63.3 Ma Paleocene | |
| Paratriisodon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 48.6 Ma Eocene | 48.6 Ma Eocene | |
| Princetonia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 17 | 61.7 Ma Paleocene | 55.8 Ma Eocene | |
| Prothryptacodon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 14 | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 61.7 Ma Paleocene | |
| Protungulatum ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 62 | 70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Sigynorum ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Thryptacodon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 167 | 63.3 Ma Paleocene | 50.3 Ma Eocene |
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1866 | Arctocyonidae Murray |
| 1880 | Arctocyonidae Cope |
| 1889 | Arctocyonidae Cope p. 876 |
| 1891 | Arctocyonidae Flower and Lydekker p. 91 |
| 1902 | Arctocyonidae Hay p. 746 |
| 1965 | Arctocyonidae Savage p. 243 |
| 1965 | Arctocyonidae Sloan and Van Valen p. 226 |
| 1969 | Arctocyonidae Gazin p. 7 |
| 1979 | Arctocyonidae Kielan-Jaworowska et al. p. 223 |
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1988 | Arctocyonidae Carroll |
| 1998 | Arctocyonidae Archibald p. 299 |
| 2001 | Arctocyonidae Hooker and Millbank |
| 2001 | Arctocyonidae Thewissen et al. p. 350 figs. Table 1 |
| 2002 | Arctocyonidae Scott et al. p. 695 |
| 2003 | Arctocyonidae McKenna and Lofgren p. 635 |
| 2004 | Arctocyonidae Kielan-Jaworowska et al. pp. 495, 513-514 |
| 2011 | Arctocyonidae Tabuce et al. p. 152 |
| 2012 | Arctocyonidae Rose et al. |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
