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Ungulata

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	67570	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67570

Rank

order (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Ungulata

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Ungulata

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Ungulata	subclass	belongs to Quadripedes	stated without evidence	Gray, 1821
Ungulata	order	belongs to Mammalia	stated without evidence	Gray, 1825
Ungulata	unranked clade	belongs to Educabilia	stated without evidence	Bonaparte, 1850
Ungulata	unranked clade	belongs to Eutheria	stated without evidence	Flower, 1883
Ungulata	unranked clade	belongs to Heterodonta	stated without evidence	Ameghino, 1889
Ungulata	unranked clade	belongs to Monodelphia	stated without evidence	Cope, 1889
Ungulata	order	belongs to Eutheria	stated without evidence	Flower and Lydekker, 1891
Ungulata	unranked clade	belongs to Ditremata	stated without evidence	Ameghino, 1894
Ungulata	order	belongs to Eutheria	stated without evidence	Parker and Haswell, 1897
Ungulata	order	belongs to Eutheria	stated with evidence	Gadow, 1898
Ungulata	order	belongs to Monodelphia	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Ungulata	unranked clade	belongs to Mammalia	stated without evidence	Andrews, 1906
Ungulata	superorder	belongs to Eutheria	stated without evidence	Gregory, 1910
Ungulata	order	belongs to Holotheria	stated without evidence	Jaekel, 1911
Ungulata	superorder	belongs to Monodelphia	stated without evidence	Hay, 1930
Ungulata	unranked clade	belongs to Tokotheria	stated without evidence	McKenna, 1975
Ungulata	superorder	belongs to Eutheria	stated without evidence	Prothero and Schoch, 1989
Ungulata	unranked clade	belongs to Ungulatomorpha	stated without evidence	Archibald, 1998
Ungulata	unranked clade	invalid subgroup of Eutheria	stated without evidence	Madsen et al., 2001
Ungulata	unranked clade	belongs to Mammalia	stated without evidence	McKenna and Lofgren, 2003
Ungulata	unranked clade	belongs to Epitheria	stated without evidence	Shoshani and Tassy, 2005

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

3,684

Extant Size (PBDB)

492 (13%)

First Recorded Appearance

93.5 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

insectivore (based on Mammaliaformes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. D. Archibald. 1998. Archaic ungulates ("Condylarthra"). In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1:292-331

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Artiodactyla order	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Even-toed Ungulate	20,156	61.7 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Barytheria ✝ order	listed (PBDB)
Diplarthra order	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Hydrophorae order	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Hyraces ✝ order	listed (PBDB)
Monochenae order	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Procreodi ✝ order	listed (PBDB)
Protungulata ✝ order	listed (PBDB)
Ruminantes order	listed (PBDB)		1	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Tesserachenae order	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Trichenae order	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Amblypoda suborder	listed (PBDB)		160	61.7 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Barypoda ✝ suborder	listed (PBDB)
Condylarthra ✝ suborder	listed (PBDB)		1,346	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	23.0 Ma Miocene
Litopterna suborder	listed (PBDB)		442	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Mesodactyli suborder	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Polydactyli suborder	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Ganungulatum ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	58.7 Ma Paleocene	58.7 Ma Paleocene
Kharmerungulatum ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Palaeocladosictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	58.7 Ma Paleocene	58.7 Ma Paleocene
Prolatidens ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Altungulata unranked clade	listed (PBDB)		11	61.7 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Bulbulodentata ✝ unranked clade	listed (PBDB)		343	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	58.7 Ma Paleocene
Cetungulata unranked clade	listed (PBDB)		1,274	63.3 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Haloboidea unranked clade	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Meridiungulata ✝ unranked clade	listed (PBDB)		260	61.7 Ma Paleocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Tipotheria ✝ unranked clade	listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1766	Ungulata Linnaeus
1821	Ungulata Gray p. 305
1825	Ungulata Gray p. 342
1850	Ungulata Bonaparte p. 1
1883	Ungulata Flower p. 184
1889	Ungulata Ameghino p. 354
1889	Ungulata Cope p. 875
1891	Ungulata Flower and Lydekker p. 89
1894	Ungulata Ameghino p. 11
1897	Ungulata Parker and Haswell p. 452
1898	Ungulata Gadow p. 45
1902	Ungulata Hay p. 601

Year	Name and Author
1906	Ungulata Andrews p. 1
1908	Ungulata Lambe
1910	Ungulata Gregory p. 466
1911	Ungulati Jaekel p. 237
1930	Ungulata Hay p. 600
1937	Ungulata Thorpe p. 31
1975	Ungulata McKenna p. 42
1989	Ungulata Prothero and Schoch p. 530
1998	Ungulata Archibald
2003	Ungulata McKenna and Lofgren p. 635
2005	Ungulata Shoshani and Tassy p. 9

References

Archibald J. D. (1998) Archaic ungulates ("Condylarthra"), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1, 292-331

Gray J. E. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals, The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15, 296-310

Gray J. E. An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe, Annals of Philosophy, new series 10, 337-344

Bonaparte C.-L. , Conspectus Systematis Mastozoologiae. Editio Altera Reformata [Survey of the system of mammals. Second revised edition]. E. J. Brill, Leyden, 1

Flower W. H. On the arrangement of the Orders and Families of existing Mammalia, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, 178-186

Ameghino F. Contribución al conocimiento de los mamíferos fósiles de la República Argentina [Contribution to the knowledge of the fossil mammals of the Argentine Republic], Actas de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de la República Argentina en Córdoba 6, xxxii-1027

Cope E. D. Synopsis of the families of Vertebrata, The American Naturalist 23, 1-29

Ameghino F. Enumeration synoptique des especes de mammifères fossiles des formations éocènes de Patagonie, Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en Cordoba (Republica Argentina) 13, 259-452

Parker T. J., Haswell W. A. , A Text-Book of Zoology II, xx-680

Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Andrews C. W. (1906) , A Descriptive Catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of Fayum, Egypt, 1-324

Lambe L. M. (1908) The Vertebrata of the Oligocene of the Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan, Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3 4, 1-65 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.61444

Gregory W. K. (1910) The orders of mammals, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 27, 1-524

Jaekel O. (1911) , Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die Fossilen und Lebenden Formen [The Vertebrates. An Overview of the Fossil and Living Forms], viii-252

Hay O. P. (1930) Second Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America, Carnegie Institution of Washington 390 II, 1-1074

Thorpe M. R. (1937) The Merycoidodontidae, an extinct group of ruminant mammals, Peabody Museum of Natural History Memoir 3 4, 1-428

McKenna M. C. (1975) Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mammalia, Phylogeny of the Primates, Plenum Publishing, New York, 21-46

Prothero D. R., Schoch R. M. (1989) Classification of the Perissodactyla, The Evolution of Perissodactyla, 530-537

McKenna M. C., Lofgren D. L. (2003) Mimotricentes tedfordi, a new arctocyonid from the late Paleocene of California, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279, 632-643

Shoshani J., Tassy P. (2005) Advances in proboscidean taxonomy & classification, anatomy & physiology, and ecology & behavior, Quaternary International 126-128, 5-20

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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