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Balanus

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Photo Gallery

Balanus sp.

Moinhos de Alburrica Beach, Barreiro e Lavradio, Barreiro, Setúbal, Portugal

Balanus sp.

Moinhos de Alburrica Beach, Barreiro e Lavradio, Barreiro, Setúbal, Portugal

Balanus sp.

Moinhos de Alburrica Beach, Barreiro e Lavradio, Barreiro, Setúbal, Portugal

Balanus sp.

Moinhos de Alburrica Beach, Barreiro e Lavradio, Barreiro, Setúbal, Portugal

Balanus sp.

Moinhos de Alburrica Beach, Barreiro e Lavradio, Barreiro, Setúbal, Portugal

Balanus sp.

Moinhos de Alburrica Beach, Barreiro e Lavradio, Barreiro, Setúbal, Portugal

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	22127	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=22127

Rank

genus (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Maxillopoda : Sessilia : Balanidae : Balanus

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Mandibulata
-	Pancrustacea
subphylum	Crustacea	Brünnich 1772
class	Maxillopoda	Dahl 1956
subclass	Cirripedia
superorder	Thoracica
order	Sessilia	Lamarck 1818
suborder	Balanomorpha	Pilsbry 1916
superfamily	Chionolasmatoidea	Buckeridge 1983
family	Balanidae	Leach 1817
genus	Balanus	Da Costa 1778

Common Name

barnacle

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Balanus	genus	belongs to Balanoidea	stated without evidence	Holmes, 1860
Balanus	genus	belongs to Balanidae	stated without evidence	Martin, 1879
Balanus	genus	belongs to Balaninae	stated with evidence	Ross and Newman, 1967
Balanus	genus	belongs to Cirripedia	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Balanus	genus	belongs to Balanidae	stated with evidence	McLaughlin et al., 2005

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

14 (50%)

First Recorded Appearance

190 - 183 Ma
Early Jurassic

Motility

stationary, attached, epibiont (based on Balanidae)

Vision

limited (based on Cirripedia)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Balanidae)

Taphonomy

low Mg calcite (based on Balanidae)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Balanus amaryllis species	listed (PBDB)	3	48.6 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Balanus amphitrite species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	48.6 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Balanus asteroides ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Balanus bloxhamensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Balanus calidus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Balanus cantelli ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Balanus crenatus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	27	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Balanus eburneus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	11	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Balanus glandula species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Amphibalanus halosydne ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	33.9 Ma Oligocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Balanus humilis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	28.1 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Balanus imitator species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Balanus improvisus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Balanus leonensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Balanus multiseptatus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Balanus niveus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Balanus nubilus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Balanus ochlockonensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Balanus polyporus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Balanus reticulatus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Balanus rostratus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Balanus scutorum ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Balanus silverdalensis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Balanus subalbidus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Balanus trigonus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Balanus vadaszi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Balanus venustus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1778	Balanus Da Costa
1860	Balanus Holmes p. 7
1879	Balanus Martin p. 131
1904	Balanus Martin p. 94
1967	Balanus Ross and Newman p. 4
2002	Balanus Sepkoski, Jr.
2005	Balanus McLaughlin et al. p. 42

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Holmes F. S. Post-Pleiocene Fossils of South Carolina, 1-122

Martin K. Die Tertiärschichten auf Java. Nach den Entdeckungen von Fr. Junghuhn, Geologische-Reichsmuseum, 1-164

Martin G. C. (1904) Cirripedia, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene Text, 94-97

Ross A., Newman W. A. (1967) Eocene Balanidae of Florida, Including a New Genus and Species with a Unique Plan of "Turtle-Barnacle" Organization, American Museum Novitates 2288, 1-21

McLaughlin P. A., Camp D. K., et al (2005) Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Crustacea, 1-545

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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