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Hexanchiformes

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	34522	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=34522

Rank

order (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Hexanchiformes

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
class	Chondrichthyes	Huxley 1880
subclass	Elasmobranchii	Bonaparte 1838
infraclass	Euselachii
-	Neoselachii	Compagno 1977
order	Squalomorphii	Compagno 1973
order	Hexanchiformes	de Buen 1926

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Hexanchiformes	order	belongs to Squalomorphii	stated without evidence	Thies, 1983
Hexanchiformes	order	belongs to Elasmobranchii	stated without evidence	Cvancara and Hoganson, 1993
Hexanchiformes	order	belongs to Neoselachii	stated without evidence	Rees, 2000
Hexanchiformes	order	belongs to Chondrichthyes	stated without evidence	Purdy et al., 2001
Hexanchiformes	order	belongs to Chondrichthyes	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Hexanchiformes	order	belongs to Squalea	stated without evidence	Underwood and Ward, 2004
Hexanchiformes	order	belongs to Neoselachii	stated without evidence	Underwood, 2006
Hexanchiformes	order	belongs to Squalea	stated without evidence	Carnevale, 2007
Hexanchiformes	order	belongs to Squalimorphi	stated with evidence	Long, 2011
Hexanchiformes	order	belongs to Selachimorpha	stated without evidence	Kent, 2018
Hexanchiformes	order	belongs to Squalomorphii	stated with evidence	Stumpf and Kriwet, 2019

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

12 (21%)

First Recorded Appearance

269 - 265 Ma
Permian

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Hexanchiformes)

Diet

carnivore (based on Hexanchiformes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Hexanchoidei ✝ suborder	listed (PBDB)		6	190 Ma Early Jurassic	156 Ma Jurassic
Chlamydoselachidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Hexanchidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Cow Shark	214	269 Ma Permian	0 Ma Extant
Pseudonotidanidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	183 Ma Early Jurassic	168 Ma Middle Jurassic
Eonotidanus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Pachyhexanchus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Paraheptranchias ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Paranotidanus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	168 Ma Middle Jurassic	168 Ma Middle Jurassic
Thrinax ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Weltonia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	55.8 Ma Eocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1926	Hexanchiformes de Buen
1983	Hexanchiformes Thies p. 11
1993	Hexanchiformes Cvancara and Hoganson p. 3
1993	Hexanchiformes Long et al. p. 655
1994	Hexanchiformes Cione and Reguero p. 5
2000	Hexanchiformes Rees p. 412
2001	Hexanchiformes Purdy et al. p. 82

Year	Name and Author
2002	Hexanchiformes Sepkoski, Jr.
2004	Hexanchiformes Underwood and Ward p. 474
2006	Hexanchiformes Underwood p. 233
2007	Hexanchiformes Carnevale p. 6
2011	Hexanchiformes Long p. 242
2018	Hexanchiformes Kent p. 55
2019	Hexanchiformes Stumpf and Kriwet p. 648

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Thies D. (1983) Jurazeitliche Neoselachier aus Deutschland und S-England (Jurassic neoselachians from German and S-England), Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 58, 1-116

Cvancara A. M., Hoganson J. W. (1993) Vertebrates of the Cannonball Formation (Paleocene) in North and South Dakota, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13 1, 1-23

Long D. J., Murphy M. A., et al (1993) A New World occurrence of Notidanodon lanceolatus (Chondrichthyes, Hexanchidae) and comments on hexanchid shark evolution, Journal of Paleontology 67 4, 655-659

Cione A. L., Reguero M. A. (1994) New records of the sharks Isurus and Hexanchus from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica, Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 105, 1-14

Rees J. (2000) A new Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) neoselachian shark fauna from southern Sweden, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 45 4, 407-424

Purdy R. W., Schneider V. P., et al (2001) The Neogene sharks, rays, and bony fishes from Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 71-202

Underwood C. J., Ward D. J. (2004) Neoselachian sharks and rays from the British Bathonian (Middle Jurassic), Palaeontology 47 3, 447-501

Underwood C. J. (2006) Diversification of the Neoselachii (Chondrichthyes) during the Jurassic and Cretaceous, Paleobiology 32 2, 215-235

Carnevale G. (2007) Fossil fishes from the Serravallian (Middle Miocene) of Torricella Peligna, Italy, Palaeontographia Italica 91, 1-67

Long J. A. (2011) , The Rise of Fishes: 500 Million Years of Evolution (Second Edition), 1-287

Kent B. W. (2018) The Cartilaginous Fishes (Chimaeras, Sharks, and Rays) of Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, USA, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 100, 45-160

Stumpf S., Kriwet J. (2019) A new Pliensbachian elasmobranch (Vertebrata, Chondrichthyes) assemblage from Europe, and its contribution to the understanding of late Early Jurassic elasmobranch diversity and distributional patterns, PalZ 93, 637-658

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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