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Protorosauria ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	38183	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38183

Rank

order (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Protorosauria

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
order	Protorosauria	Huxley 1871

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Protorosauria	order	belongs to Diaptosauria	stated with evidence	Osborn, 1903
Protorosauria	order	belongs to Protorosauria	stated with evidence	Jaekel, 1910
Protorosauria	order	belongs to Holosauria	stated without evidence	Jaekel, 1911
Protorosauria	order	belongs to Parapsida	stated without evidence	Roxo, 1937
Protorosauria	order	belongs to Reptilia	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1946
Protorosauria	order	belongs to Synaptosauria	stated without evidence	Haughton and Brink, 1954
Protorosauria	order	belongs to Theromorphoidea	stated without evidence	Huene, 1954
Protorosauria	order	belongs to Lepidosauria	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1966
Protorosauria	order	belongs to Archosauromorpha	stated with evidence	Chatterjee, 1986
Protorosauria	order	belongs to Archosauromorpha	implied	Carroll, 1988
Protorosauria	order	belongs to Archosauromorpha	stated without evidence	Gauthier et al., 1989
Protorosauria	order	belongs to Archosauromorpha	stated with evidence	Renesto et al., 2010
Protorosauria	order	belongs to Archosauromorpha	stated without evidence	Li et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

299 - 296 Ma
Paleozoic

Last Recorded Appearance

228 - 209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Diapsida)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

carnivore (based on Protorosauria)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Protorosauridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	12	299 Ma Carboniferous	228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Sharovipterygidae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)	2	237 Ma Middle Triassic	237 Ma Middle Triassic
Eumekichnium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Fuyuansaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	242 Ma Middle Triassic	242 Ma Middle Triassic
Pectodens ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1871	Protorosauria Huxley
1887	Proterosauria Seeley
1898	Proterosauria Woodward p. 141
1903	Protorosauria Osborn p. 456
1904	Proterosauria Lull p. 482
1904	Protorosauria Osborn p. 108
1910	Protorosauri Jaekel p. 331
1911	Protorosauri Jaekel p. 142
1937	Protorosauria Roxo p. 43
1946	Protorosauria Kuhn p. 60

Year	Name and Author
1954	Protorosauria Haughton and Brink p. 3
1954	Protorosauria Huene p. 40
1966	Protorosauria Kuhn p. 39
1986	Protorosauria Chatterjee p. 309
1988	Protorosauria Carroll
1989	Protorosauria Gauthier et al. p. 345
2005	Protorosauria Renesto p. 378
2010	Protorosauria Renesto et al. p. 58
2014	Protorosauria Ezcurra et al.
2017	Protorosauria Li et al.

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Osborn H. F. (1903) The reptilian subclasses Diapsida and Synapsida and the early history of the Diaptosauria, Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 1 8, 449-507

Lull R. S. (1904) Fossil footprints of the Jura-Trias of North America, Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 11, 461-557

Jaekel O. (1910) Über das System der Reptilien [On the system of reptiles], Zoologische Anzeiger 35, 324-341

Jaekel O. (1911) , Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die Fossilen und Lebenden Formen [The Vertebrates. An Overview of the Fossil and Living Forms], viii-252

Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67

Haughton S. H., Brink A. S. (1954) A bibliographical list of Reptilia from the Karroo Beds of South Africa, Palaeontologia Africana 2, 1-187

Huene F. v. (1954) , Die Saurierwelt und ihre Geschichtlichen Zusammenhänge [The World of Reptiles and the History of Their Interrelationships]. 2nd, revised edition, 1-66

Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154

Chatterjee S. (1986) Malerisaurus langstoni, a new diapsid reptile from the Triassic of Texas\r\n, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6 4, 297-312

Gauthier J. A., Cannatella D., et al (1989) Tetrapod phylogeny, In B. Fernholm, K. Bremer, & H. Jörnvall (eds.), The Hierarchy of Life. Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam, 337-353

Renesto S. (2005) A new specimen of Tanystropheus (Reptilia Protorosauria) from the Middle Triassic of Switzerland and the ecology of the genus, Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 111 3, 377-394

Renesto S., Spielmann J. A., et al (2010) The taxonomy and paleobiology of the Late Triassic (Carnian-Norian: Adamanian-Apachean) drepanosaurs (Diapsida: Archosauromorpha: Drepanosauromorpha), New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 46, 1-81

Ezcurra M. D., Scheyer T. M., et al (2014) The origin and early evolution of Sauria: reassessing the Permian saurian fossil record and the timing of the crocodile-lizard divergence, PLoS ONE 9 2, e89165

Li C., Fraser N. C., et al (2017) A new diapsid from the Middle Triassic of southern China, Journal of Paleontology 91 6, 1306-1312

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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