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Protorosauridae ✝

Description

Protorosaurus ("first lizard") is a genus of lizard-like early archosauromorph reptiles. Members of the genus lived during the late Permian period in Germany and Brazil. Once believed to have been an ancestor to lizards, Protorosaurus is now known to be one of the oldest members of the lineage that would eventually lead to archosaurs such as crocodilians and dinosaurs.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)3238902https://www.gbif.org/species/3238902
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)38184https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38184
Rankfamily
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Protorosauridae
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Protorosauria : Protorosauridae
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
orderProtorosauriaHuxley 1871
familyProtorosauridaeCope 1871
Scientific NameProtorosauridae
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Protorosauridaefamilybelongs to Rhynchocephaliastated with evidenceCope, 1871
Protorosauridaefamilybelongs to Proganosauriastated with evidenceZittel, 1890
Protorosauridaefamilybelongs to Proterosauriastated with evidenceBoulenger, 1893
Protorosauridaefamilybelongs to Protorosauriastated with evidenceOsborn, 1903
Protorosauridaefamilybelongs to Macrocnemoideastated with evidenceKuhn, 1946
Protorosauridaefamilybelongs to Protorosauriastated with evidenceKuhn, 1966
Protorosauridaefamilybelongs to Prolacertiformesstated without evidenceChatterjee, 1980
Protorosauridaefamilybelongs to Prolacertiformesstated with evidenceBenton, 1985
Protorosauridaefamilybelongs to Protorosauriastated without evidenceChatterjee, 1986
Protorosauridaefamilybelongs to ProtorosauriaimpliedCarroll, 1988
Protorosauridaefamilybelongs to Prolacertiformesstated without evidenceSennikov, 1997
Protorosauridaefamilybelongs to Protorosauriastated with evidenceEzcurra et al., 2014
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)8
First Recorded Appearance299 - 296 Ma
Paleozoic
Last Recorded Appearance228 - 209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Environmentterrestrial (based on Diapsida)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietcarnivore (based on Protorosauria)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)E. D. Cope. 1871. On the homologies of some of the cranial bones of the Reptilia, and on the systematic arrangement of the class. Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 19:194-247
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protorosauridae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Aenigmastropheus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1260 Ma
Permian
260 Ma
Permian
Aphelosaurus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1299 Ma
Carboniferous
299 Ma
Carboniferous
Macrochemus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
10247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
242 Ma
Middle Triassic
Malerisaurus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
2237 Ma
Middle Triassic
228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Microcnemus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
8252 Ma
Permian
251 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Protorosaurus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
9260 Ma
Permian
260 Ma
Permian
Tridentinosaurus
genus
listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1871Protorosauridae Cope
1875Protorosauridae Cope p. 15
1890Protorosauridae Zittel p. 592
1893Protorosauridae Boulenger p. 209
1903Protorosauridae Osborn p. 467
1905Thecodontosaurus primus Huene p. 349
1908Thecodontosaurus primus Huene p. 217 fig. 92
1914Thecodontosaurus primus Huene p. 12
1938Thecodontosaurus primus Schmidt p. 126
1942Thecodontosaurus primus Kuhn p. 19
YearName and Author
1946Protorosauridae Kuhn p. 60
1966Protorosauridae Kuhn p. 40
1970Thecodontosaurus primus Swinton p. 35
1980Protorosauridae Chatterjee p. 197
1985Protorosauridae Benton p. 154
1986Protorosauridae Chatterjee p. 297
1988Protorosauridae Carroll
1997Protorosauridae Sennikov
2014Protorosauridae Ezcurra et al.

References

Cope E. D. On the homologies of some of the cranial bones of the Reptilia, and on the systematic arrangement of the class, Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 19, 194-247
Cope E. D. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, 1-109
Zittel K. A. v. , Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I. Abteilung Paleozoologie. III. Band. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves) [Handbook of Paleontology. Division I. Paleozoology. Volume III. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves)], xii-900
Osborn H. F. (1903) The reptilian subclasses Diapsida and Synapsida and the early history of the Diaptosauria, Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 1 8, 449-507
Huene F. v. (1905) Trias-Dinosaurier Europas [European Triassic dinosaurs], Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 57, 345-349
Huene F. v. (1908) Die Dinosaurier der Europäischen Triasformation mit berücksichtigung der Ausseuropäischen vorkommnisse [The dinosaurs of the European Triassic formations with consideration of occurrences outside Europe], Geologische und Palaeontologische Abhandlungen Suppl. 1 1, 1-419
Huene F. v. (1914) I: Animalia. Pars 4. Saurischia et Ornithischia triadica (“Dinosauria” triadica), 1-20
Kuhn O. (1942) Über einige Saurierreste aus dem Muschelkalk von Freyburg a. d. Unstrut [On some saurian remains from the Muschelkalk of Freyburg on the Unstrut], Beiträge zur Geologie von Thüringen 6, 17-24
Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67
Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154
Swinton W. E. (1970) , The Dinosaurs, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1-331
Chatterjee S. (1980) Malerisaurus, A New Eosuchian Reptile from the Late Triassic of India, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 291, 163-200
Benton M. J. (1985) Classification and phylogeny of the diapsid reptiles, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 84 2, 97-164
Chatterjee S. (1986) Malerisaurus langstoni, a new diapsid reptile from the Triassic of Texas\r\n, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6 4, 297-312
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Sennikov A. G. (1997) [An enigmatic reptile from the Upper Permian of the Volga River Basin], Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 1997 1, 95-103
Ezcurra M. D., Scheyer T. M., et al (2014) The origin and early evolution of Sauria: reassessing the Permian saurian fossil record and the timing of the crocodile-lizard divergence, PLoS ONE 9 2, e89165
Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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