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Phorusrhacos ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	39467	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39467

Rank

genus (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Phorusrhacidae : Phorusrhacos

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
suborder	Cariamae	Fürbringer 1888
family	Phorusrhacidae	Ameghino 1889
subfamily	Phorusrhacinae	Ameghino 1899
genus	Phorusrhacos	Ameghino 1887

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Phorusrhacos	genus	belongs to Phororhacosidae	stated with evidence	Ameghino, 1889
Phorusrhacos	genus	belongs to Stereornithidae	stated without evidence	Moreno and Mercerat, 1891
Phorusrhacos	genus	belongs to Phororhacidae	stated without evidence	Lambrecht, 1933
Phorusrhacos	genus	belongs to Phororhacidae	stated with evidence	Wetmore, 1960
Phorusrhacos	genus	belongs to Phorusrhacidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Phorusrhacos	genus	belongs to Phorusrhacinae	stated with evidence	Alvarenga and Holfing, 2003
Phorusrhacos	genus	belongs to Phorusrhacinae	stated without evidence	Gould and Quitmyer, 2005

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

23.0 - 16.3 Ma
Miocene

Last Recorded Appearance

16.0 - 11.6 Ma
Miocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Phorusrhacidae)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Phorusrhacidae)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Phororhacos deautieri ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Phororhacos longissimus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		14	23.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1887	Phorusrhacos Ameghino
1889	Phororhacos Ameghino p. 659
1891	Stereornis Moreno and Mercerat p. 21 figs. Plate IX, Fig. 3; Plate X, Fig. 1, 2; Plate XI, Fig. 1
1891	Darwinornis Moreno and Mercerat p. 24 figs. Plate XVII, Fig. 1-2
1891	Owenornis Moreno and Mercerat p. 25 figs. Plate XVII, Fig. 6; Plate XVIII, Fig. 1
1891	Phororhacos Moreno and Mercerat p. 44
1891	Stereornis Moreno and Mercerat p. 45
1891	Darwinornis Moreno and Mercerat p. 60
1891	Owenornis Moreno and Mercerat p. 63
1893	Stephanornis Mercerat p. 5
1893	Titanornis Mercerat p. 5
1894	Callornis Ameghino
1897	Darwinornis Mercerat p. 229

Year	Name and Author
1897	Owenornis Mercerat p. 229
1897	Titanornis Mercerat p. 229
1901	Eucallornis Ameghino
1933	Phororhacos Lambrecht p. 501
1933	Callornis Lambrecht p. 508
1960	Phororhacos Wetmore p. 27
1968	Phororhacos Cracraft p. 33
1988	Phorusrhacos Carroll
1988	Titanornis Carroll
2003	Phorusrhacos Alvarenga and Holfing p. 71
2005	Phorusrhacos Gould and Quitmyer p. 205 figs. Table 2
2007	Phorusrhacos Bertelli et al. p. 415 figs. Table 2

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Ameghino F. Contribución al conocimiento de los mamíferos fósiles de la República Argentina [Contribution to the knowledge of the fossil mammals of the Argentine Republic], Actas de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de la República Argentina en Córdoba 6, xxxii-1027

Moreno F. P., Mercerat A. Catalogue des Oiseaux Fossiles de la Republique Argentine conserves au Musee de la Plata, Anales del Museo de la Plata 1, 1-71

Ameghino F. Sur les oiseaux fossiles de Patagonie; et la faune mammalogique des couches à Pyrotherium, Boletin del Instituto Geographico Argentino 15, 501-660

Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024

Wetmore A. (1960) A classification for the birds of the world, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 139 11, 1-37

Cracraft J. (1968) A review of the Bathornithidae (Aves, Gruiformes), with remarks on the relationships of the suborder Cariamae, American Museum Novitates 2326, 1-46

Alvarenga H. M. F., Holfing E. (2003) Systematic revision of the Phorusrhacidae (Avies: Ralliformes), Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 43 4, 55-91

Gould G. C., Quitmyer I. R. (2005) Titanis walleri: Bones of contention, Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 45 4, 201-229

Bertelli S., Chiappe L. M., et al (2007) A new phorusrhacid (Aves: Cariamae) from the Middle Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 2, 409-419

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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