Learning Center What is a mineral?The most common minerals on earth Information for Educators Mindat Articles The Elements The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Geologic Time

Minerals by Properties Minerals by Chemistry Advanced Locality Search Random Mineral Random Locality Search by minID Localities Near Me Search Articles Search Glossary More Search Options

The Mindat Manual Add a New Photo Rate Photos Locality Edit Report Coordinate Completion Report Add Glossary Item

Mining Companies Statistics Users Mineral Museums Clubs & Organizations Mineral Shows & Events The Mindat Directory Device Settings The Mineral Quiz

Photo Search Photo Galleries Search by Color New Photos Today New Photos Yesterday Members' Photo Galleries Past Photo of the Day Gallery Photography

BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Ciconiiformes

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	39633	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39633

Rank

order (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Ciconiiformes

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
-	Pygostylia	Chiappe 2002
-	Ornithothoraces	Chiappe and Calvo 1994
-	Ornithuromorpha	Chiappe et al. 1999
subclass	Ornithurae	Haeckel 1866
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
-	Neognathae
-	Neoaves	Sibley et al. 1988
-	Natatores	Baird 1858
-	Steganograllatores	Livezey and Zusi 2007
superorder	Ciconiimorphae
order	Ciconiiformes	Bonaparte 1854

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Ciconiiformes	suborder	belongs to Carinatae	stated with evidence	Zittel, 1890
Ciconiiformes	suborder	belongs to Pelargomorphae	stated without evidence	Jaekel, 1911
Ciconiiformes	order	belongs to Neognathae	stated with evidence	Wetmore, 1960
Ciconiiformes	order	belongs to Aves	stated without evidence	Thurmond and Jones, 1981
Ciconiiformes	order	belongs to Neognathae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Ciconiiformes	order	belongs to Aves	stated without evidence	Guthrie, 1992
Ciconiiformes	order	belongs to Neoaves	stated with evidence	Slack et al., 2006
Ciconiiformes	order	belongs to Ciconiimorphae	stated with evidence	Livezey and Zusi, 2007
Ciconiiformes	order	belongs to Aves	stated without evidence	Louchart et al., 2008

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

42 (45%)

First Recorded Appearance

136 - 130 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Theropoda)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Coelurosauria)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Ciconiae suborder	listed (PBDB)		17	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Phoenicopteri suborder	listed (PBDB)		1	136 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Scopi suborder	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Ciconiidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Stork	82	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Scopidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Xenerodiopidae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)		2	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Ciconiopsis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Eocathartes ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Grallavis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sanshuiornis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1854	Ciconiiformes Bonaparte
1890	Ciconiiformes Zittel p. 839
1898	Ciconiiformes Gadow p. 32
1911	Ciconiiformes Jaekel p. 178
1960	Ciconiiformes Wetmore p. 25
1981	Ciconiiformes Thurmond and Jones p. 164
1988	Ciconiiformes Carroll
1992	Ciconiiformes Guthrie p. 321

Year	Name and Author
2000	Ciconiiformes Martin et al. p. 54
2006	Ciconiiformes Slack et al. p. 1150
2007	Ciconiiformes Livezey and Zusi p. 91
2008	Ciconiiformes Louchart et al. p. 156
2012	Ciconiiformes Wang et al.
2013	Ciconiiformes Smith et al.
2014	Ciconiiformes del Hoyo et al.

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Zittel K. A. v. , Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I. Abteilung Paleozoologie. III. Band. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves) [Handbook of Paleontology. Division I. Paleozoology. Volume III. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves)], xii-900

Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82

Jaekel O. (1911) , Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die Fossilen und Lebenden Formen [The Vertebrates. An Overview of the Fossil and Living Forms], viii-252

Wetmore A. (1960) A classification for the birds of the world, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 139 11, 1-37

Thurmond J. T., Jones D. E. (1981) , Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama, 1-244

Guthrie D. A. (1992) A late Pleistocene avifauna from San Miguel Island, California, Science Series (Los Angeles) 36, 319-327

Martin J. W. R., Walker C. A., et al (2000) A new species of large auk from the Pliocene of Belgium, Oryctos 3, 53-60

Slack K. E., Jones C. M., et al (2006) Early penguin fossils, plus mitochondrial genomes, calibrate avian evolution, Molecular Biology and Evolution 23 6, 1144-1155

Livezey B. C., Zusi R. L. (2007) Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 1, 1-95

Louchart A., Haile-Selassie Y., et al (2008) Fossil birds from the Late Miocene of Chad and Ethiopia and zooge- ographical implications, Oryctos 7, 147-167

Wang M., Mayr G., et al (2012) New bird remains from the Middle Eocene of Guangdong, China, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57 3, 519-526

del Hoyo J., Collar N. J., et al (2014) HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines, 1-904

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

Quick NavTop Fossil Distribution Subtaxa Synonymy List References

Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: May 4, 2024 19:19:37

Go to top of page