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Ankylosaurinae ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	52798	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52798

Rank

subfamily (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Ankylosauridae : Ankylosaurinae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Ornithischia
-	Genasauria	Sereno 1986
-	Thyreophora
-	Ankylosauria
family	Ankylosauridae	Brown 1908
subfamily	Ankylosaurinae	Nopcsa 1918

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Ankylosaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Acanthopholidae	stated without evidence	Nopcsa, 1923
Ankylosaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Nodosauridae	stated with evidence	Nopcsa, 1929
Ankylosaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Ankylosauridae	stated without evidence	Russell and Chamney, 1967
Ankylosaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Nodosauridae	stated without evidence	Maryanska, 1971
Ankylosaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Ankylosauridae	stated without evidence	Tumanova, 1983
Ankylosaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Ankylosauridae	stated with evidence	Sereno, 1986
Ankylosaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Ankylosauridae	stated without evidence	Tumanova, 1987
Ankylosaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Ankylosauridae	stated with evidence	Sereno, 1998
Ankylosaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Ankylosauridae	stated without evidence	Ford, 2000
Ankylosaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Ankylosauridae	stated with evidence	Vickaryous et al., 2004
Ankylosaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Ankylosauridae	stated without evidence	Arbour et al., 2014

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

113 - 101 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Last Recorded Appearance

70.6 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Ornithischia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Ornithischia)

Diet

herbivore (based on Ornithischia)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Ornithischia)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Ornithischia)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Ornithischia)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

P. C. Sereno. 1986. Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (order Ornithischia). National Geographic Research 2(2):234-256

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Ankylosaurini ✝ tribe	listed (PBDB)	16	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Euoplocephalini ✝ tribe	listed (PBDB)	42	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ahshislepelta ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Jinyunpelta ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Oohkotokia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	4	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Shanxia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Zaraapelta ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Zuul ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1918	Ankylosaurinae Nopcsa
1923	Ankylosaurinae Nopcsa p. 126
1929	Ankylosaurinae Nopcsa p. 71
1966	Ankylosaurinae Kuhn p. 105
1967	Ankylosaurinae Russell and Chamney p. 11
1971	Ankylosaurinae Maryanska p. 47
1983	Ankylosaurinae Tumanova p. 110
1986	Ankylosaurinae Sereno
1987	Ankylosaurinae Tumanova
1993	Ankylosaurinae Tumanova p. 119
1997	Ankylosaurinae Sereno p. 443
1997	Ankylosaurinae Vickaryous and Ryan p. 491

Year	Name and Author
1998	Ankylosaurinae Sereno p. 61
1999	Ankylosaurinae Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
2000	Ankylosaurinae Ford p. 175
2001	Ankylosaurinae Vickaryous et al. p. 1774
2004	Ankylosaurinae Vickaryous et al. p. 364
2014	Ankylosaurinae Arbour et al.
2014	Ankylosaurinae Han et al. p. 14 fig. 11
2017	Ankylosaurinae Arbour and Evans p. 7
2017	Ankylosaurinae Arbour and Mallon p. 768
2017	Ankylosaurinae Penkalski and Tumanova
2018	Ankylosaurinae Penkalski p. 264
2018	Ankylosaurinae Zheng et al.

References

Sereno P. C. (1986) Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (order Ornithischia), National Geographic Research 2 2, 234-256

Nopcsa B. F. (1923) Die Familien der Reptilien [The families of reptiles], Forschritte der Geologie und Palaeontologie. Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin 2, 1-210

Nopcsa B. F. (1929) Dinosaurierreste aus Siebenbürgen V. [Dinosaur remains from Siebenbürgen V], Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica 4, 1-72

Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154

Maryanska T. (1971) New data on the skull of Pinacosaurus grangeri (Ankylosauria), Palaeontologia Polonica 25, 45-53

Tumanova T. A. (1983) Pervyy ankilozavr iz nizhnego mela Mongolii [The first ankylosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia], In L. P. Tatarinov, R. Barsbold, E. Vorobyeva, B. Luvsandanzan, B. A. Trofimov, Yu. A. Reshetov, & M. A. Shishkin (eds.), Iskopayemyye reptilii mongolii [Fossil Reptiles of Mongolia]. Trudy Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya 24, 110-118

Tumanova T. A. (1987) Pantsirnyye dinozavry Mongolii [The armored dinosaurs of Mongolia], Trudy Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya 32, 1-80

Sereno P. C. (1997) The origin and evolution of dinosaurs, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 25, 435-489

Sereno P. C. (1998) A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with application to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 210 1, 41-83

Sereno P. C. (1999) The evolution of dinosaurs, Science 284, 2137-2147

Ford T. L. (2000) A review of ankylosaur osteoderms from New Mexico and a preliminary review of ankylosaur armor, Dinosaurs of New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 17, 157-176

Vickaryous M. K., Russell A. P., et al (2001) A new ankylosaurid (Dinosauria: Ankylosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous of China, with comments on ankylosaurian relationships, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 38, 1767-1780

Vickaryous M. K., Maryanska T., et al (2004) Ankylosauria, The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, 363-392

Arbour V. M., Currie P. J., et al (2014) The ankylosaurid dinosaurs of the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot and Nemegt formations of Mongolia, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 172 3, 631-652 doi:10.1111/zoj.12185

Han F., Zheng W., et al (2014) A new basal ankylosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of Liaoning Province, China, PLoS ONE 9 8, e104551:1-17 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104551

Arbour V. M., Evans D. C. (2017) A new ankylosaurine dinosaur from the Judith River Formation of Montana, USA, based on an exceptional skeleton with soft tissue preservation, Royal Society Open Science 4 161086 doi:10.1098/rsos.161086

Arbour V. M., Mallon J. C. (2017) Unusual cranial and postcranial anatomy in the archetypal ankylosaur Ankylosaurus magniventris, Facets 2 2, 764-794 doi:10.1139/facets-2017-0063

Penkalski P., Tumanova T. (2017) The cranial morphology and taxonomic status of Tarchia (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia, Cretaceous Research 70, 117-127

Penkalski P. (2018) Revised systematics of the armoured dinosaur Euoplocephalus and its allies, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen 287 3, 261-306 doi:10.1127/njgpa/2018/0717

Zheng W.-J., Jin X.-S., et al (2018) The most basal ankylosaurine dinosaur from the Albian-Cenomanian of China, with implications for the evolution of the tail club, Scientific Reports 8 3711 doi:10.1038/s41598-018-21924-7

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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