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Colubrinae

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	53080	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53080

Rank

subfamily (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubridae : Colubrinae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Lepidosauromorpha
superorder	Lepidosauria
order	Squamata	Oppel 1811
suborder	Ophidia
-	Serpentes
infraorder	Alethinophidia	Nopcsa 1923
-	Macrostomata	Ritgen 1828
superfamily	Booidea	Gray 1825
-	Caenophidia	Hoffstetter 1939
superfamily	Colubroidea	Oppel 1811
family	Colubridae	Oppel 1811
subfamily	Colubrinae	Oppel 1811

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Colubrinae	subfamily	belongs to Proteroglypha	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1946
Colubrinae	subfamily	belongs to Colubridae	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1966
Colubrinae	subfamily	belongs to Colubridae	stated without evidence	Underwood, 1967
Colubrinae	subfamily	belongs to Colubridae	implied	Böhme, 2008
Colubrinae	subfamily	belongs to Colubridae	stated without evidence	Parmley and Hunter, 2010
Colubrinae	subfamily	belongs to Colubridae	implied	Cernansky et al., 2015

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

33 (43%)

First Recorded Appearance

38.0 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Booidea)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

carnivore (based on Colubridae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

M. Oppel. 1811. Die Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen der Reptilien als Prodom einer Naturgeschichte Derselben. Joseph Lindauer, München

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Ameiseophis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	20.4 Ma Miocene	13.6 Ma Miocene
Arizona genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	10.3 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Coluber genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Racer	156	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Coronella genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		55	16.9 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Dakotaophis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	20.4 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Drymarchon genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Drymobius genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Elaphe genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		160	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Ficimia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Floridaophis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	33.3 Ma Oligocene	33.3 Ma Oligocene
Lampropeltis genus	listed (PBDB)		70	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Liochlorophis genus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Macroprotodon genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	False Smooth Snake	2	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Masticophis genus	listed (PBDB)	Whip Snake	10	4.90 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Miocoluber ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	10.3 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Nebraskophis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	38.0 Ma Eocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Opheodrys genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	13.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Oxybelis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Paracoluber ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	20.4 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Phyllorhynchus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Pituophis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Gopher Snake	37	13.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Salvadora genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		23	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Lampropeltis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Short-tailed Snake	1	13.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Telescopus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Tiger Snake	5	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Texasophis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		22	33.9 Ma Oligocene	12.8 Ma Miocene
Zelceophis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	8.70 Ma Miocene	8.70 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1811	Colubrinae Oppel
1890	Coluber etruriae Portis p. 23
1946	Colubrinae Kuhn p. 62
1966	Colubrinae Kuhn p. 66
1967	Colubrinae Underwood
1995	Colubrinae Parmley and Holman p. 80
2002	Colubrinae Vidal p. 31
2008	Colubrinae Böhme p. 170
2010	Colubrinae Parmley and Hunter p. 529
2015	Colubrinae Cernansky et al. p. 118

References

Oppel M. , Die Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen der Reptilien als Prodom einer Naturgeschichte Derselben. Joseph Lindauer, München, xii-86

Portis A. I rettili pliocenici del Valdarno Superiore, 1-32

Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67

Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154

Parmley D., Holman J. A. (1995) Hemphillian (late Miocene) snakes from Nebraska, with comments on Arikareean through Blancan snakes of midcontinental North America, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15 1, 79-95

Böhme M. (2008) Ectothermic vertebrates (Teleostei, Allocaudata, Urodela, Anura, Testudines, Choristodera, Crocodylia, Squamata) from the Upper Oligocene of Oberleichtersbach (Northern Bavaria, Germany), Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 260, 161-183

Parmley D., Hunter K. B. (2010) Fossil snakes of the Clarendonian (late Miocene) Pratt Slide local fauna of Nebraska, with the description of a new natricine colubrid, Journal of Herpetology 44 4, 526-543 doi:10.1670/09-248.1

Cernansky A., Rage J. C., et al (2015) The Early Miocene squamates of Amöneburg (Germany): the first stages of modern squamates in Europe, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 13 2, 97-128 doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.897266

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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