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Caniformia

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	54044	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54044

Rank

suborder (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Caniformia

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Laurasiatheria	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Scrotifera	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Ferae	Linnaeus 1758
-	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
-	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora	Bowditch 1821
suborder	Caniformia	Kretzoi 1943

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Caniformia	suborder	belongs to Carnivora	stated without evidence	Tedford, 1976
Caniformia	suborder	belongs to Carnivora	stated with evidence	Flynn and Galiano, 1982
Caniformia	suborder	belongs to Carnivora	stated without evidence	Berta and Morgan, 1985
Caniformia	suborder	belongs to Carnivora	stated with evidence	Bryant, 1991
Caniformia	suborder	belongs to Carnivora	stated without evidence	Wang and Tedford, 1992
Caniformia	suborder	belongs to Carnivora	stated with evidence	Wolson, 1993
Caniformia	suborder	belongs to Carnivora	stated without evidence	Tedford et al., 1994
Caniformia	suborder	belongs to Carnivora	stated with evidence	Polly et al., 2006
Caniformia	suborder	belongs to Carnivora	stated without evidence	Owen, 2006
Caniformia	suborder	belongs to Carnivora	stated with evidence	Tomiya, 2011
Caniformia	suborder	belongs to Carnivora	stated without evidence	Tomiya and Tseng, 2016
Caniformia	suborder	belongs to Carnivora	stated with evidence	Valenciano et al., 2018

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

896

Extant Size (PBDB)

194 (22%)

First Recorded Appearance

55.8 - 48.6 Ma
Eocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

carnivore, omnivore (based on Carnivora)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

G. D. Wesley and J. J. Flynn. 2003. A revision of Tapocyon (Carnivoramorpha), including analysis of the first cranial specimens and identification of a new species. Journal of Paleontology 77(4):769-783

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Cynoidea infraorder	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Canoidea superfamily	listed (PBDB)		3,076	55.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Amphicyonidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Bear-dog	559	46.2 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Mustelidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Mustelid Carnivore	1,631	40.4 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Lycophocyon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	46.2 Ma Eocene	40.4 Ma Eocene
Palaearctonyx ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	50.3 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Procynodictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	50.3 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1943	Caniformia Kretzoi
1976	Caniformia Tedford p. 372
1982	Caniformia Flynn and Galiano p. 16
1985	Caniformia Berta and Morgan p. 810
1985	Caniformia Fay p. 1
1991	Caniformia Bryant p. 60
1992	Caniformia Wang and Tedford p. 225
1993	Caniformia Wolson p. 363
1994	Caniformia Tedford et al. p. 12
1994	Caniformia Wang p. 18
1995	Caniformia Kohno et al. p. 113
1999	Caniformia Wang et al. p. 21
2001	Caniformia Koretsky p. 85
2003	Caniformia Wesley and Flynn
2003	Caniformia Zhai et al. p. 294
2004	Caniformia Davis et al. p. 365

Year	Name and Author
2005	Caniformia Wang et al. p. 6
2006	Caniformia Owen p. 1002
2006	Caniformia Peigné et al. p. 788
2006	Caniformia Polly et al. p. 1023
2007	Caniformia Labs Hochstein p. 532
2007	Caniformia Morlo et al. p. 149
2008	Caniformia Prevosti and Ferrero p. 1172
2009	Caniformia Tedford et al. p. 13
2010	Caniformia Robles et al. p. 550
2011	Caniformia Tomiya p. 2
2012	Caniformia Abella et al. p. 2
2016	Caniformia Tomiya and Tseng p. 5
2016	Caniformia Tseng and Geisler p. 1
2017	Caniformia de Bones et al. p. 414
2018	Caniformia Valenciano et al.
2020	Caniformia Paterson et al. p. 1322

References

Wesley G. D., Flynn J. J. (2003) A revision of Tapocyon (Carnivoramorpha), including analysis of the first cranial specimens and identification of a new species, Journal of Paleontology 77 4, 769-783

Tedford R. H. (1976) Relationship of pinnipeds to other carnivores (Mammalia), Systematic Zoology 25 4, 363-374

Flynn J. J., Galiano H. (1982) Phylogeny of early Tertiary Carnivora, with a description of a new species of Protictis from the middle Eocene of northwestern Wyoming, American Museum Novitates 2725, 1-64

Berta A., Morgan G. S. (1985) A new sea otter (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from the late Miocene and early Pliocene (Hemphillian) of North America, Journal of Paleontology 59 4, 809-819

Bryant H. N. (1991) Phylogenetic relationships and systematics of the Nimravidae (Carnivora), Journal of Mammalogy 72 1, 56-78

Wang X., Tedford R. H. (1992) The status of genus Nothocyon Matthew, 1899 (Carnivora): an arctoid not a canid, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12 2, 223-229

Wolson M. (1993) Phylogeny and classification of early European Mustelida (Mammalia: Carnivora), Acta Theriologica 38 4, 345-384

Tedford R. H., Barnes L. G., et al (1994) The early Miocene littoral ursoid carnivoran Kolponomos: Systematics and mode of life, Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History 29, 11-32

Wang X. (1994) Phylogenetic systematics of the Hesperocyoninae (Carnivora: Canidae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 221, 1-207

Kohno N., Tomida Y., et al (1995) Pliocene tusked odobenids (Mammalia: Carnivora) in the Western North Pacific, and their paleobiogeography, Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo Series C (Geology & Paleontology) 21 3, 4, 111-131

Wang X., Tedford R. H., et al (1999) Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora: Canidae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 243, 1-392

Koretsky I. (2001) Morphology and systematics of Miocene Phocinae (Mammalia: Carnivora) from Paratethys and the North Atlantic region, Geologica Hungarica Series Palaeontologica 54, 1-109

Zhai R., Ciochon R. L., et al (2003) An aberrant amphicyonid mammal from the latest Eocene of the Bose Basin, Guangxi, China, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48 2, 293-300

Davis C. S., Delisle I., et al (2004) A phylogeny of the extant Phocidae inferred from complete mitochondrial DNA coding regions, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33, 363-377

Wang X., McKenna M. C., et al (2005) Amphicticeps and Amphicynodon (Arctoidea, Carnivora) from Hsanda Gol Formation, Central Mongolia and phylogeny of basal arctoids with comments on zoogeography, American Museum Novitates 3483, 1-57

Owen P. R. (2006) Description of a new late Miocene American badger (Taxidiinae) utilizing high-resolution X-ray computed tomography, Palaeontology 49 5, 999-1011 doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00590.x

Peigné S., Chaimanee Y., et al (2006) A new member of the Mustelida (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Paleogene of southern Asia, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 3, 788-793

Polly P. D., Wesley-Hunt G. D., et al (2006) Earliest known carnivoran auditory bulla and support for a recent origin of crown-group Carnivora (Eutheria, Mammalia), Palaeontology 49 5, 1019-1027

Labs Hochstein J. (2007) A new species of Zodiolestes (Mammalia, Mustelidae) from the early Miocene of Florida, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 2, 532-534

Morlo M., Miller E. R., et al (2007) Creodonta and Carnivora from Wadi Moghra, Egypt, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 1, 145-159

Prevosti F. J., Ferrero B. S. (2008) A Pleistocene giant river otter from Argentina: Remarks on the fossil record and phylogenetic analysis, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 4, 1171-1181

Tedford R. H., Wang X., et al (2009) Phylogenetic Systematics of the North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 325, 1-218 doi:10.1206/574.1

Robles J. M., Alba D. M., et al (2010) New craniodental remains of Trocharion Albanense Major, 1903 (Carnivora, Mustelidae), from the Vallès-Penedès Basin (middle to late Miocene, Barcelona, Spain), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 2, 547-562

Tomiya S. (2011) A new basal caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the middle Eocene of North America and remarks on the phylogeny of early carnivorans, PLoS ONE 6 9, e24146 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024146

Abella J., Alba D. M., et al (2012) Kretzoiarctos gen. nov., the oldest member of the giant panda clade, PLoS One 17, e48985 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048985

Tomiya S., Tseng Z. J. (2016) Whence the beardogs? Reappraisal of the Middle to Late Eocene ‘Miacis’ from Texas, USA, and the origin of Amphicyonidae (Mammalia, Carnivora), Royal Society Open Science 3, 160518 doi:10.1098/rsos.160518

Tseng Z. J., Geisler J. H. (2016) The First Fossil Record of Borophagine Dogs (Mammalia, Carnivora) from South Carolina, U.S.A., Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 2, e1062022 doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1062022

de Bones L., Abella J., et al (2017) A new late Miocene ailuropodine (Giant Panda) from Rudaba ́nya (North-central Hungary), Geobios 50, 413-421 doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2017.09.003

Valenciano A., Abella J., et al (2018) New Early Miocene Material of Iberictis, the Oldest Member of the Wolverine Lineage (Carnivora, Mustelidae, Guloninae), Journal of Mammalian Evolution doi:10.1007/s10914-018-9445-x

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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