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Chirostenotes pergracilis

Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)54561https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54561
Rankspecies (PBDB)
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Avetheropoda : Caenagnathidae : Chirostenotes : Chirostenotes pergracilis
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-DinosauromorphaBenton 1985
-DinosauriformesNovas 1992
-Dinosauria
-Saurischia
-Theropoda
-NeotheropodaBakker 1986
-AverostraPaul 2002
-TetanuraeGauthier 1986
orderAvetheropodaPaul 1988
suborderCoelurosauriaHuene 1914
-ManiraptoraGauthier 1986
infraorderOviraptorosauriaBarsbold 1976
superfamilyCaenagnathoideaSternberg 1940
familyCaenagnathidaeSternberg 1940
genusChirostenotesGilmore 1924
speciesChirostenotes pergracilisGilmore 1924
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Chirostenotes pergracilisspeciesbelongs to Chirostenotesstated without evidenceGilmore, 1924
Chirostenotes pergracilisspeciesbelongs to Chirostenotesstated with evidenceSues, 1997
Chirostenotes pergracilisspeciesbelongs to Chirostenotesstated without evidenceEberth, 1997
Chirostenotes pergracilisspeciesbelongs to Chirostenotesstated with evidenceOsmólska et al., 2004
Chirostenotes pergracilisspeciesbelongs to Chirostenotesstated without evidenceLü et al., 2004
Chirostenotes pergracilisspeciesbelongs to Chirostenotesstated with evidenceLongrich et al., 2013
Chirostenotes pergracilisspeciesbelongs to Chirostenotesstated without evidenceLamanna et al., 2014
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
First Recorded Appearance83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Last Recorded Appearance83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Environmentterrestrial (based on Oviraptorosauria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Oviraptorosauria)
Dietomnivore (based on Oviraptorosauria)
Reproductionoviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Oviraptorosauria)
Ontogenyaccretion,modification of parts (based on Oviraptorosauria)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite,compact or dense,intermediate (based on Oviraptorosauria)
Primary Reference (PBDB)C. W. Gilmore. 1924. A new coelurid dinosaur from the Belly River Cretaceous of Alberta. Canada Department of Mines Geological Survey Bulletin (Geological Series) 38(43):1-12

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1924Chirostenotes pergracilis Gilmore p. 3 figs. 1, 3-4
1930Chirostenotes pergracilis Russell p. 148
1932Macrophalangia canadensis Sternberg p. 100
1964Chirostenotes pergracilis Russell p. 12
1964Macrophalangia canadensis Russell p. 12
1966Macrophalangia canadensis Russell p. 25
1969Chirostenotes pergracilis Ostrom p. 148
1970Chirostenotes pergracilis Steel p. 13
1970Macrophalangia canadensis Steel p. 19
1970Macrophalangia canadensis Swinton p. 133
1971Caenagnathus sternbergi Cracraft p. 806 fig. 2
1972Chirostenotes pergracilis Russell p. 376
1972Macrophalangia canadensis Russell p. 376
1978Caenagnathus sternbergi Brodkorb p. 224
1978Chirostenotes pergracilis Sues pp. 395-396
1981Caenagnathus sternbergi Barsbold
1981Macrophalangia canadensis Osmolska p. 88
1981Chirostenotes pergracilis Osmolska p. 89
1982Caenagnathus sternbergi Morris p. 488
1983Caenagnathus sternbergi Barsbold p. 95
1984Chirostenotes pergracilis Welles p. 158
1986Caenagnathus sternbergi Gauthier p. 9
1986Chirostenotes pergracilis Gauthier p. 9
1986Macrophalangia canadensis Gauthier p. 9
1987Caenagnathus sternbergi Currie p. 52
1987Chirostenotes pergracilis Currie p. 52
1988Chirostenotes pergracilis Currie and Russell
1988Caenagnathus sternbergi Currie and Russell p. 984
1988Chirostenotes pergracilis Paul p. 373
1989Chirostenotes pergracilis Currie p. 1323
1992Caenagnathus sternbergi Currie p. 246
1992Chirostenotes pergracilis Currie p. 246
1992Chirostenotes pergracilis Le Loeuff et al. p. 338
YearName and Author
1994Caenagnathus sternbergi Currie et al.
1997Chirostenotes pergracilis Eberth p. 201
1997Chirostenotes pergracilis Norell and Makovicky p. 20
1997Chirostenotes pergracilis Sues p. 699
1998Chirostenotes pergracilis Makovicky and Norell p. 13
2000Chirostenotes pergracilis Currie p. 276
2001Chirostenotes pergracilis Eberth et al. p. 58
2001Chirostenotes sternbergi Eberth et al. p. 58
2001Caenagnathus sternbergi Varricchio p. 46
2002Chirostenotes pergracilis Maryanska et al. p. 101 fig. 1
2003Chirostenotes pergracilis Rauhut p. 40
2003Chirostenotes pergracilis Zanno and Sampson p. 113A
2004Chirostenotes pergracilis Lü et al. p. 109 fig. 8
2004Chirostenotes pergracilis Osmólska et al. p. 166
2005Chirostenotes pergracilis Currie p. 4
2005Chirostenotes pergracilis Lü and Zhang p. 417
2008Chirostenotes pergracilis Longrich p. 994
2009Chirostenotes pergracilis Balanoff et al. p. 21
2009Caenagnathus sternbergi Zanno et al. p. S15
2011Chirostenotes pergracilis Sullivan et al. p. 428
2012Chirostenotes pergracilis Gao et al. p. 8
2013Chirostenotes pergracilis Longrich et al. p. 29
2014Caenagnathus sternbergi Lamanna et al. p. 10 fig. 6
2014Chirostenotes pergracilis Lamanna et al. p. 10 fig. 6
2014Macrophalangia canadensis Lamanna et al. p. 10 fig. 6
2015Chirostenotes pergracilis Funston et al. p. 180
2015Caenagnathus sternbergi Tsuihiji et al. p. 61
2015Chirostenotes pergracilis White et al. p. 11
2016Chirostenotes pergracilis Funston and Currie p. 1
2016Chirostenotes pergracilis Wang et al. p. 12
2017Caenagnathus sternbergi Tsuihiji et al. p. 10
2019Chirostenotes pergracilis Senter and Sullivan p. 2

References

Gilmore C. W. (1924) A new coelurid dinosaur from the Belly River Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada Department of Mines Geological Survey Bulletin (Geological Series) 38 43, 1-12
Sternberg C. M. (1932) Two new theropod dinosaurs from the Belly River Formation of Alberta, Canadian Field-Naturalist 46 5, 99-105
Russell L. S. (1964) Cretaceous non-marine faunas of northwestern North America, Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contribution 61, 1-24
Russell L. S. (1966) Dinosaur hunting in western Canada, Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contribution 70, 1-37
Ostrom J. H. (1969) Osteology of Deinonychus antirrhopus, an unusual theropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Montana, Peabody Museum Bulletin 30, 1-165
Steel R. (1970) Part 14. Saurischia, Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie/Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1-87
Swinton W. E. (1970) , The Dinosaurs, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1-331
Russell D. A. (1972) Ostrich dinosaurs from the late Cretaceous of western Canada, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 9, 375-402
Sues H.-D. (1978) A new small theropod dinosaur from the Judith River Formation (Campanian) of Alberta Canada, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 62, 381-400
Barsbold R. (1981) Bezzubyye khishchnyye dinozavry Mongolii [Toothless carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia], Sovmestnaia Sovetsko-Mongol’skaia Paleontologicheskaia Ekspeditsiia Trudy 15, 28-39
Osmolska H. (1981) Coossified tarsometatarsi in theropod dinosaurs and their bearing on the problem of bird origins, Palaeontologica Polonica 42, 79-95
Barsbold R. (1983) Khishchnye dinosavry mela Mongoliy [Carnivorous dinosaurs from the Cretaceous of Mongolia], Transactions of the Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition 19, 1-117
Welles S. P. (1984) Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda): osteology and comparisons, Palaeontographica Abteilung A 185, 85-180
Gauthier J. A. (1986) Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds, The Origin of Birds and the Evolution of Flight, K. Padian (ed.), Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences 8, 1-55
Currie P. J., Russell D. A. (1988) Osteology and relationships of Chirostenotes pergracilis (Saurischia, Theropoda) from the Judith River (Oldman) Formation of Alberta, Canada, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, 972-986
Paul G. S. (1988) , Predatory Dinosaurs of the World. Simon & Schuster, New York, 1-464
Currie P. J. (1989) The first records of Elmisaurus (Saurischia, Theropoda) from North America, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26 6, 1319-1324
Le Loeuff J., Buffetaut E., et al (1992) The first record of dromaeosaurid dinosaurs (Saurischia, Theropoda) in the Maastrichtian of southern Europe: palaeobiogeographical implications, Bulletin de la Société géologique de la France 163 3, 337-343
Currie P. J., Godfrey S. J., et al (1994) New caenagnathid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) specimens from the Upper Cretaceous of North America and Asia, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30 10-11, 2255-2272
Norell M. A., Makovicky P. J. (1997) Important features of the dromaeosaur skeleton: information from a new specimen, American Museum Novitates 3215, 1-28
Sues H.-D. (1997) On Chirostenotes, a Late Cretaceous oviraptorosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from western North America, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17 4, 698-716
Makovicky P. J., Norell M. A. (1998) A partial ornithomimid braincase from Ukhaa Tolgod (Upper Cretaceous, Mongolia), American Museum Novitates 3247, 1-16
Currie P. J. (2000) Possible evidence of gregarious behavior in tyrannosaurids, Gaia 15, 271-277
Eberth D. A., Currie P. J., et al (2001) Alberta's dinosaurs and other fossil vertebrates: Judith River and Edmonton groups (Campanian-Maastrichtian), In C. L. Hill (ed), Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 61st Annual Meeting, Bozeman. Guidebook for the Field Trips: Mesozoic and Cenozoic Paleontology in the Western Plains and Rocky Mountains, Museum of the Rockies Occasional Paper 3, 49-75
Varricchio D. J. (2001) Late Cretaceous oviraptorosaur (Theropoda) dinosaurs from Montana, D. H. Tanke and K. Carpenter (eds.), Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 42-57
Maryanska T., Osmólska H., et al (2002) Avialan status for Oviraptorosauria, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 1, 97-116
Rauhut O. W. M. (2003) The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs, Special Papers in Palaeontology 69, 1-213
Zanno L. E., Sampson S. D. (2003) A new caenagnathid specimen from the Kaiparowits Formation (late Campanian) of Utah, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23 3, suppl., 113A
Lü J., Tomida Y., et al (2004) New oviraptorid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Oviraptorosauria) from the Nemegt Formation of southwestern Mongolia, Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series C 30, 95-130
Osmólska H., Currie P. J., et al (2004) Oviraptorosauria, The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, 165-183
Currie P. J. (2005) History of research, Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 3-33
Lü J.-C., Zhang B.-K. (2005) A new oviraptorid (theropod: Oviraptorosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong province of southern China, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 44 3, 412-422
Longrich N. (2008) A new, large ornithomimid from the Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada: implications for the study of dissociated dinosaur remains, Palaeontology 51 4, 983-997 doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00791.x
Zanno L. E., Gillette D. D., et al (2009) A new North American therizinosaurid and the role of herbivory in 'predatory' dinosaur evolution, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1029
Sullivan R. M., Jasinski S. E., et al (2011) A new caenagnathid Ojoraptorsaurus boerei, n. gen., n. sp. (Dinosauria, Oviraptorosauria), from the Upper Cretaceous Ojo Alamo Formation (Naashoibito Member), San Juan Basin, New Mexico, Fossil Record 3. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 418-428
Gao C. -L., Morschauser E. M., et al (2012) A second soundly sleeping dragon: new anatomical details of the Chinese troodontid Mei long with implications for phylogeny and taphonomy, PLoS ONE 7 9, e45203:1-17 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045203
Longrich N. R., Barnes K., et al (2013) Caenagnathidae from the upper Campanian Aguja Formation of west Texas, and a revision of the Caenagnathinae, Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 54 1, 23-49 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3374/014.054.0102
Lamanna M. C., Sues H.-D., et al (2014) A New large-bodied oviraptorosaurian theropod dinosaur from the latest Cretaceous of western North America, PLoS ONE 9 3, e92022:1-16 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092022
Funston G. F., Persons, IV W. S., et al (2015) New material of the large-bodied caenagnathid Caenagnathus collinsi from the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada, Cretaceous Research 54 1, 179-187 doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2014.12.002
Tsuihiji T., Watabe M., et al (2015) A gigantic caenagnathid oviraptorosaurian (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia, Cretaceous Research 56 1, 60-65 doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.03.007
Funston G. F., Currie P. J. (2016) A new caenagnathid (Dinosauria: Oviraptorosauria) from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada, and a reevaluation of the relationships of Caenagnathidae, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 4, e1160910:1-18 doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1160910
Wang S., Zhang S., et al (2016) Elongatoolithid eggs containing oviraptorid (Theropoda, Oviraptorosauria) embryos from the Upper Cretaceous of Southern China, BMC Evolutionary Biology 16 1, 1-21 doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0633-0
Tsuihiji T., Witmer L. M., et al (2017) New information on the cranial morphology of Avimimus (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37 4, e1347177:1-12 doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1347177
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