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Epitoniidae

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Photo Gallery

Epitonium sp.

Barton-on-Sea, New Milton, New Forest, Hampshire, England, UK

Epitonium sp.

Barton-on-Sea, New Milton, New Forest, Hampshire, England, UK

Epitonium sp.

Barton-on-Sea, New Milton, New Forest, Hampshire, England, UK

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	60263	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=60263

Rank

family (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Epitoniidae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Gastropoda	Cuvier 1797
-	Ptenoglossa
superfamily	Epitonioidea	(Berry 1910)
family	Epitoniidae	Berry 1910

Common Name

wentletrap

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Epitoniidae	family	belongs to Gastropoda	stated without evidence	Turner, 1938
Epitoniidae	family	belongs to Ptenoglossa	stated without evidence	Rivera, 1957
Epitoniidae	family	belongs to Epitoniacea	stated without evidence	Sohl, 1964
Epitoniidae	family	belongs to Mesogastropoda	stated without evidence	Addicott, 1970
Epitoniidae	family	belongs to Epitoniacea	stated without evidence	Hickman, 1980
Epitoniidae	family	belongs to Epitoniacea	stated with evidence	Ward and Blackwelder, 1987
Epitoniidae	family	belongs to Janthinoidea	stated with evidence	Ponder and Warén, 1988
Epitoniidae	family	belongs to Janthinoidea	implied	Beesley, 1998
Epitoniidae	family	belongs to Caenogastropoda	stated without evidence	Wienrich, 2001
Epitoniidae	family	belongs to Janthinoidea	stated without evidence	Todd, 2001
Epitoniidae	family	belongs to Janthinoidea	stated with evidence	Duerr, 2004
Epitoniidae	family	belongs to Epitonioidea	stated with evidence	Bouchet et al., 2005
Epitoniidae	family	belongs to Epitonioidea	stated without evidence	Landau and Marques da Silva, 2010

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

337

Extant Size (PBDB)

101 (30%)

First Recorded Appearance

247 - 237 Ma
Triassic

Motility

slow-moving (based on Epitoniidae)

Vision

limited (based on Gastropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Epitoniidae)

Ecospace Comments

325; MINERALOGY: Outer calcitic shell layer. LIFE HISTORY: Browsing carnivores according to Todd (2001).

Taphonomy

aragonite, low Mg calcite (based on Epitoniidae)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

P. L. Beesley. 1998. Mollusca: the southern synthesis. Fauna of Australia 5

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Acirsinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		17	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	61.6 Ma Paleocene
Epitoniinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		68	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Nystiellinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		17	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Opaliinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Aciculiscala ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	41.3 Ma Eocene
Acirsa genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Wentletrap	101	166 Ma Middle Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Acrilla genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		56	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Alora genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Amaea genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		53	122 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Australolaxispira ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cerithiscala genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Cirsotrema genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		191	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Clathroscala genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Clathrus genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		27	47.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Confusiscala genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		31	133 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Crossotrema ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Dannevigena genus	listed (PBDB)
Eglisia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Epitomium genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	1.81 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Epitonium genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		646	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Filiscala genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Funis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Gregorioiscala genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Littoriniscala genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Mazescala genus	listed (PBDB)
Murdochella genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Narvaliscala genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Notacirsa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	41.3 Ma Eocene	12.7 Ma Miocene
Opalia genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		99	122 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Papuliscala genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	16.0 Ma Miocene
Opalia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	47.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Problitora genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Scala genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		44	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Scalaria genus	listed (PBDB)		72	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	0 Ma Extant
Scalina genus	listed (PBDB)		147	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Sthenorytis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		27	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Turriscala genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		30	140 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Variciscala genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1853	Scalidae Adams and A.
1904	Scalidae Martin p. 212
1910	Epitoniidae Berry
1938	Epitoniidae Turner p. 80
1957	Epitoniidae Rivera p. 173
1964	Epitoniidae Sohl p. 365
1970	Epitoniidae Addicott p. 54
1980	Epitoniidae Hickman p. 26
1984	Epitoniidae Squires p. 21

Year	Name and Author
1987	Epitoniidae Ward and Blackwelder p. 131
1988	Epitoniidae Ponder and Warén p. 303
1998	Epitoniidae Beesley p. 814
2001	Epitoniidae Todd
2001	Epitoniidae Wienrich p. 447
2002	Epitoniidae Harzhauser p. 93
2004	Epitoniidae Duerr p. 152
2005	Epitoniidae Bouchet et al. p. 253
2010	Epitoniidae Landau and Marques da Silva p. 61

References

Beesley P. L. (1998) Mollusca: the southern synthesis, Fauna of Australia 5

Martin G. C. (1904) Gastropoda, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene Text, 131-269

Turner F. E. (1938) Stratigraphy and Mollusca of the Eocene of western Oregon, Geological Society of America Special Paper 10, 1-130

Rivera R. (1957) Moluscos fosiles de la Formacion Paracas, Dpto. de Ica, Sociedad Geologica del Peru Primer Congreso Nacional de Geologia Anales - Parte II 32, 165-219

Sohl N. F. (1964) Gastropods from the coffee Sand (Upper Cretaceous) of Mississippi, USGS Professional Paper 331C, 345-394

Addicott W.O. (1970) Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642, 1-172

Hickman C. S. (1980) Paleogene Marine Gastropods of the Keasey Formation in Oregon, Bulletins of American Paleontology 78 310, 1-112

Squires R. L. (1984) Megapaleontology of the Eocene Llajas Formation, Simi Valley, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 350, 1-76

Ward L. W., Blackwelder B.W. (1987) Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene Mollusca from the James City and Chowan River Formations at Lee Creek Mine, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 61, 113-283

Ponder W. F., Warén A. (1988) Appendix: classification of the Caenogastropoda and Heterostropha - a list of the family-group names and higher taxa, Malacological Review Suppl. 4, 288-326

Todd J. A. (2001) Systematic list of gastropods in the Panama Paleontology Project collections

Wienrich G. (2001) Die Fauna des marinen Miozäns von Kevelaer (Niederrhein), Gastropoda bis Cancellariidae 3, 385-639

Harzhauser M. (2002) Marine und brachyhaline Gastropoden aus dem Karpatium des Korneubuger Beckens und der Kreuzstettener Bucht (Österreich, Untermiozän), Beiträge zur Paläontologie 27, 61-159

Duerr R. (2004) Cirsotrema (Gastropoda: Ptenoglossa: Epitoniidae) iun the Miocene Chipola Formation of northwestern Florida., The Nautilus 118 4, 152-156

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P, et al (2005) A nomenclator and classification of gastropod family-group names, Malacologia 47 1-2, 1-368

Landau B., Marques da Silva C. (2010) Early Pliocene gastropods of Cubagua, Venezuela: Taxonomy, palaeobiogeography and ecostratigraphy, Palaeontos 19, 1-221

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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