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Opalia

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Description

The Opiconsivia (or Opeconsiva or Opalia) was an ancient Roman religious festival held August 25 in honor of Ops ("Plenty"), also known as Opis, a goddess of agricultural resources and wealth. The festival marked the end of harvest, with a mirror festival on December 19 concerned with the storage of the grain.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opalia, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	7234893	https://www.gbif.org/species/7234893
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	10213	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=10213

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Epitoniidae : Opalia

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

doubtful

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Gastropoda	Cuvier 1797
-	Ptenoglossa
superfamily	Epitonioidea	(Berry 1910)
family	Epitoniidae	Berry 1910
genus	Opalia	Carpenter 1865

Scientific Name

Opalia Carpenter, 1865

Name Published In

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (3) 15

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Opalia	subgenus	belongs to Scalaria	stated with evidence	Gabb, 1864
Opalia	subgenus	belongs to Scala	stated with evidence	Martin, 1904
Opalia	subgenus	belongs to Scalaria	stated with evidence	Strebel, 1905
Opalia	subgenus	belongs to Epitonium	stated without evidence	Moody, 1916
Opalia	genus	belongs to Epitoniidae	stated with evidence	Durham, 1937
Opalia	genus	belongs to Epitoniidae	stated without evidence	Durham, 1944
Opalia	genus	belongs to Opaliinae	stated without evidence	Sohl, 1964
Opalia	genus	belongs to Epitoniidae	stated without evidence	Addicott, 1970
Opalia	genus	belongs to Epitoniidae	implied	Wilson, 1993
Opalia	genus	belongs to Epitoniidae	stated with evidence	Todd, 2001
Opalia	genus	belongs to Epitoniidae	stated without evidence	Wienrich, 2001
Opalia	genus	belongs to Neotaenioglossa	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Opalia	genus	belongs to Epitoniidae	stated with evidence	Lima and Christoffersen, 2014

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

7 (27%)

First Recorded Appearance

122 - 112 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Motility

slow-moving (based on Epitoniidae)

Vision

limited (based on Gastropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Epitoniidae)

Taphonomy

aragonite, low Mg calcite (based on Epitoniidae)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opalia

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Opalia (Contemniscala) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)
Opalia (Crassiscala) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)	3	122 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Opalia (Dentiscala) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	7	47.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Opalia (Granuliscala) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Opalia (Nodiscala) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	23	47.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Opalia (Opalia) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	14	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Opalia (Pliciscala) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	7	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Opalia (Rugatiscala) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)	7	59.2 Ma Paleocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Scala (Opalia) calvertensis species	listed (PBDB)
Scala (Opalia) prunicola species	listed (PBDB)
Scala (Opalia) reticulata species	listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1853	Opalia Adams and Adams p. 223
1864	Scalaria (Opalia) Gabb p. 212
1904	Scala (Opalia) Martin p. 213
1905	Scalaria (Opalia) Strebel
1916	Epitonium (Opalia) Moody p. 51
1925	Epitonium (Opalia) Oldroyd p. 13
1937	Opalia Durham p. 500
1944	Opalia Durham p. 158

Year	Name and Author
1964	Opalia Sohl p. 320
1970	Opalia Addicott p. 57
1976	Opalia Moore p. 30
1993	Opalia Wilson p. 280
2001	Opalia Todd
2001	Opalia Wienrich p. 458
2002	Opalia Sepkoski, Jr.
2014	Opalia Lima and Christoffersen p. 393

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Gabb W. M. Description of the Cretaceous fossils, Geological Survey of California Palaeontology 1, 57-217

Martin G. C. (1904) Gastropoda, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene Text, 131-269

Moody C. L. (1916) Fauna of the Fernando of Los Angeles, University of California, Bulletin of the Department of Geology 10 4, 39-62

Oldroyd T. S. (1925) The fossils of the Lower San Pedro fauna of the Nob Hill cut, San Pedro, California, Proceedings of the United States National Museum 65 2535, 1-39 doi:10.5479/si.00963801.65-2535.1

Durham J. W. (1937) Gastropods of the Family Epitoniidae from Mesozoic and Cenozoic Rocks of the West Coast of North America, including One New Species by F. E. Turner and One by R. A. Bramkamp, Journal of Paleontology 11 6, 479-512

Durham J. W. (1944) Megafaunal zones of the Oligocene of northwestern Washington, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 27, 101 -212

Sohl N. F. (1964) Neogastropoda, Opisthobranchia, and Basommatophora from the Ripley, Owl Creek, and Prairie Bluff Formations, US Geological Survey Professional Paper 331 B, 153-344

Addicott W.O. (1970) Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642, 1-172

Moore E. J. (1976) Oligocene marine mollusks from the Pittsburg Bluff Formation in Oregon, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 922, 1-66

Wilson B. (1993) , Australian Marine Shells 1

Todd J. A. (2001) Systematic list of gastropods in the Panama Paleontology Project collections

Wienrich G. (2001) Die Fauna des marinen Miozäns von Kevelaer (Niederrhein), Gastropoda bis Cancellariidae 3, 385-639

Lima S. F. B., Christoffersen M. K. (2014) New species of Gregorioiscala and Opalia (Caenogastropoda: Epitoniidae) in the Western Atlantic: a case of republication, Zootaxa 3835 3, 392-396 doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3835.3.9

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (3) 15 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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