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Kinosternoidea

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	67314	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67314

Rank

family (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Kinosternoidea

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
-	Testudinata
order	Testudines	Batsch 1788
suborder	Cryptodira	Cope 1868
superfamily	Trionychoidea	Fitzinger 1826
superfamily	Kinosternoidea

Common Name

mud turtle

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Kinosternoidea	family	belongs to Cryptodira	stated with evidence	Cope, 1871
Kinosternoidea	family	belongs to Cryptodiri	stated without evidence	Jaekel, 1911
Kinosternoidea	family	belongs to Cryptodira	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1946
Kinosternoidea	unranked clade	belongs to Trionychoidea	stated without evidence	Joyce et al., 2004
Kinosternoidea	unranked clade	belongs to Trionychoidea	stated with evidence	Joyce, 2007
Kinosternoidea	unranked clade	belongs to Durocryptodira	stated with evidence	Danilov and Parham, 2008
Kinosternoidea	unranked clade	belongs to Chelydroidea	stated with evidence	Knauss et al., 2011
Kinosternoidea	unranked clade	belongs to Eucryptodira	stated without evidence	Sullivan et al., 2012
Kinosternoidea	superfamily	belongs to Cryptodira	stated without evidence	van Dijk et al., 2014
Kinosternoidea	unranked clade	belongs to Trionychoidea	stated with evidence	Bourque et al., 2015
Kinosternoidea	unranked clade	belongs to Pankinosternoidea	stated with evidence	Joyce and Bourque, 2016
Kinosternoidea	family	belongs to Trionychoidea	stated with evidence	Carrano, 2020

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

39 (54%)

First Recorded Appearance

101 - 72 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

freshwater (based on Cryptodira)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

omnivore (based on Cryptodira)

Reproduction

oviparous (based on Cryptodira)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

O. P. Hay. 1892. The batrachians and reptiles of the State of Indiana. Annual Report of the Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources 17:409-602

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Kinosternidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		112	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Aromochelys genus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Cinosternum genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Mud Turtle			0 Ma Extant
Pandermatemys unranked clade	listed (PBDB)		63	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1871	Cinosternidae Cope p. 235
1875	Cinosternidae Cope p. 16
1892	Kinosternoidea Hay
1893	Kinosternidae Baur p. 674
1898	Cinosternidae Gadow p. 20
1911	Cinosternidae Jaekel p. 186
1946	Cinosternidae Kuhn p. 58
1988	Kinosternidae Carroll
1989	Kinosternidae Shoshani et al. p. 436
1993	Kinosternidae de Broin and de la Fuente p. 9
2001	Kinosternidae Weems and George p. 572
2004	Kinosternidae Joyce et al.
2004	Kinosternoidea Joyce et al.

Year	Name and Author
2007	Kinosternoidea Joyce
2008	Kinosternoidea Danilov and Parham
2011	Kinosternoidea Knauss et al.
2012	Kinosternidae Cadena et al. p. 545
2012	Kinosternoidea Sullivan et al. p. 343
2013	Kinosternidae Bourque
2013	Kinosternidae Hutchison et al.
2014	Kinosternoidea van Dijk et al.
2015	Kinosternoidea Bourque et al.
2016	Kinosternidae Brinkman et al.
2016	Kinosternoidea Joyce and Bourque
2017	Kinosternidae Cadena et al.
2020	Kinosternoidea Carrano

References

Hay O. P. The batrachians and reptiles of the State of Indiana, Annual Report of the Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources 17, 409-602

Cope E. D. On the homologies of some of the cranial bones of the Reptilia, and on the systematic arrangement of the class, Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 19, 194-247

Cope E. D. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, 1-109

Baur G. Notes on the classification of the Cryptodira, American Naturalist 27 319, 672

Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82

Jaekel O. (1911) , Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die Fossilen und Lebenden Formen [The Vertebrates. An Overview of the Fossil and Living Forms], viii-252

Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Shoshani J., Fisher D. C., et al (1989) The Shelton Mastodon Site: Multidisciplinary study of a late Pleistocene (Twocreekan) locality in Southeastern Michigan, Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27 14, 393-436

de Broin F., de la Fuente M. (1993) Les tortues fossiles d'Argentine: synthese [The fossil turtles of Argentina: synthesis], Annales de Paléontologie (Invertebrés-Vertebrés) 79 3, 169-232

Weems R. E., George R. A. (2001) Amphibians and nonmarine turtles from the Miocene Calvert Formation of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia (USA), Journal of Paleontology 87 4, 570-588 doi:10.1666/12-071

Joyce W. G., Parham J. F., et al (2004) Developing a protocol for the conversion of rank-based taxon names to phylogenetically defined clade names, as exemplified by turtles, Journal of Paleontology 78 5, 989-1013

Danilov I. G., Parham J. F. (2008) A reassessment of some poorly known turtles from the Middle Jurassic of China, with comments on the antiquity of extant turtles, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 2, 306-318

Knauss G. E., Joyce W. G., et al (2011) A new kinosternoid from the Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation of North Dakota and Montana and the origin of the Dermatemys mawii lineage, Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 85, 125-142 doi:10.1007/s12542-010-0081-x

Cadena E., Bourque J. R., et al (2012) New turtles (Chelonia) from the late Eocene through Late Miocene of the Panama Canal Basin, Journal of Paleontology 86 3, 539-557

Sullivan R. M., Jasinski S. E., et al (2012) Re-assessment of Late Campanian (Kirtlandian) turtles from the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland and Kirtland formations, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA, Morphology and Evolution of Turtles, 337-387 doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_20

Bourque J. R. (2013) Fossil Kinosternidae from the Oligocene and Miocene of Florida, USA, Morphology and Evolution of Turtles, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology, 459-475 doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_25

Hutchison J. H., Knell M. J., et al (2013) Turtles from the Kaiparowits Formation, Utah, At the Top of the Grand Staircase: The Late Cretaceous of Southern Utah, 295-318

van Dijk P. P., Iverson J. B., et al (2014) Turtles of the World, 7th edition: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution with maps, and conservation status, Chelonian Research Monographs 5, 329-479

Bourque J. R., Hutchison J. H., et al (2015) A new dermatemydid (Testudines, Kinosternoidea) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, Willwood Formation, southeastern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e905481, 1-19 doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.905481

Brinkman D., Aguillon-Martinez M. C., et al (2016) Yelmochelys rosarioae gen. et sp. nov., a stem kinosternid (Testudines; Kinosternidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Coahuila, Mexico, PaleoBios 33 30601, 1-20 doi:escholarship.org/uc/item/3fn6q3f7

Joyce W. G., Bourque J. R. (2016) A Review of the Fossil Record of Turtles of the Clade Pan-Kinosternoidea, Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 57 1, 57-95

Cadena E., Abella J., et al (2017) New findings of Pleistocene fossil turtles (Geoemydidae, Kinosternidae and\r\nChelydridae) from Santa Elena Province, Ecuador, PeerJ e3215, 1-15 doi:10.7717/peerj.3215

Carrano M. T. (2020) Taxonomic opinions on the Dinosauria

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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