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Caprinae

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	86342	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=86342

Rank

subfamily (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Caprinae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
order	Ungulata
order	Artiodactyla	Owen 1848
-	Ruminantiamorpha	Spaulding et al. 2009
-	Ruminantia
-	Pecora
family	Bovidae	Gray 1821
subfamily	Caprinae	Gray 1821

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Caprinae	subfamily	belongs to Ruminantes	stated without evidence	Gray, 1821
Caprinae	subfamily	belongs to Bovidae	stated with evidence	Gill, 1872
Caprinae	subfamily	belongs to Bovidae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Caprinae	subfamily	belongs to Bovidae	stated with evidence	Alcala and Morales, 1997
Caprinae	subfamily	belongs to Bovidae	stated without evidence	Grubb, 2001

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

27 (57%)

First Recorded Appearance

16.0 - 13.7 Ma
Miocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Artiodactyla)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

grazer, browser (based on Bovidae)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Bovidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. E. Gray. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15:296-310

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Naemorhedini tribe	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Ovibovini tribe	listed (PBDB)		25	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Rupicaprini tribe	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Aragoral ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	9.70 Ma Miocene	9.70 Ma Miocene
Benicerus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Capricornis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Damalavus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Hemitragus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		23	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Myotragus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Naemorhedus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Oreamnos genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Mountain Goat	9	1.80 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Ovibos genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Muskox	37	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Praeovibos ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	5.33 Ma Miocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene
Protoryx ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		29	16.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Pseudois genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Rupicapra genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Soergelia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1821	Caprinae Gray p. 307
1872	Caprinae Gill
1902	Caprinae Hay p. 687
1980	Caprinae Kurten and Anderson p. 326
1997	Caprinae Alcala and Morales p. 947
2001	Caprinae Grubb p. 385
2005	Caprinae Mead and Taylor p. 3
2008	Caprinae Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 979 figs. Fig. 5
2010	Caprinae Gentry p. 791

References

Gray J. E. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals, The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15, 296-310

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442

Alcala L., Morales J. (1997) A primitive caprine from the Upper Vallesian of La Roma 2 (Alfambra, Teruel, Aragon, Spain)., Compter Rendu d'Academie des Sciences Paris 324 ser. IIa, 947-953

Grubb R. (2001) Review of family-group names of living bovids, Journal of Mammalogy 82 2, 374-388

Mead J. I., Taylor L. H. (2005) New species of Sinocapra (Bovidae, Caprinae) from the lower Pliocene Panaca Formation, Nevada, USA, Palaeontologia Electronica 8 1.11A, 1-10

Agnarsson I., May-Collado L. J. (2008) The phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla: The importance of dense taxon sampling, missing data, and the remarkable promise of cytochrome b to provide reliable species-level phylogenies, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48, 964-985

Gentry A. W. (2010) Bovidae, Cenozoic Mammals of Africa, 747-803

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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