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Pholidophoridae ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	99742	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=99742

Rank

family (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Pholidophoriformes : Pholidophoridae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
superclass	Actinopterygii
class	Actinopteri
subclass	Neopterygii
-	Teleosteomorpha	Arratia et al. 2004
-	Teleostei
order	Pholidophoriformes
family	Pholidophoridae	Woodward 1890

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Pholidophoridae	family	belongs to Ganoidei	stated with evidence	Woodward, 1890
Pholidophoridae	family	belongs to Isospondyli	stated with evidence	Woodward, 1895
Pholidophoridae	family	belongs to Isospondyli	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Pholidophoridae	family	belongs to Pholidophoroidea	stated without evidence	Gardiner, 1960
Pholidophoridae	family	belongs to Pholidophoroidei	stated without evidence	Jordan, 1963
Pholidophoridae	family	belongs to Pholidophoroidea	stated with evidence	Zambelli, 1986
Pholidophoridae	family	belongs to Teleostei	stated with evidence	Cartanyá, 1999
Pholidophoridae	family	belongs to Pholidophoriformes	stated with evidence	Arratia, 2013

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

251 - 242 Ma
Triassic

Last Recorded Appearance

129 - 122 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Pholidophoridae)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Pholidophoridae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

A. S. Woodward. 1890. The fossil fishes of the Hawkesbury Series at Gosford. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of New South Wales. Palaeontology 4:1-57

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Pholidophorinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Annaichthys ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	216 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	216 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Archaeomaene ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	2	164 Ma Middle Jurassic	164 Ma Middle Jurassic
Ceneichthys ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	216 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	216 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Ceramurus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Eopholidophorus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	216 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	216 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Knerichthys ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	3	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Lombardichthys ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	216 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	216 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Malingichthys ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	2	242 Ma Middle Triassic	242 Ma Middle Triassic
Parapholidophorus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	3	242 Ma Middle Triassic	212 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Pholidoctenus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	2	216 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	212 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Pholidolepis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	2	197 Ma Early Jurassic	197 Ma Early Jurassic
Pholidophoretes ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Pholidophoroides ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	9	197 Ma Early Jurassic	183 Ma Early Jurassic
Pholidophoropsis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	4	197 Ma Early Jurassic	197 Ma Early Jurassic
Pholidophorus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	74	251 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	129 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Zambellichthys ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	216 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	216 Ma Late/Upper Triassic

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1890	Pholidophoridae Woodward p. 43
1895	Pholidophoridae Woodward p. 446
1902	Pholidophoridae Hay p. 383
1960	Pholidophoridae Gardiner p. 347
1963	Pholidophoridae Jordan p. 616
1986	Pholidophoridae Zambelli p. 4
1999	Pholidophoridae Cartanyá p. 548
2013	Pholidophoridae Arratia p. 15
2015	Pholidophoridae Tintori et al. p. 287
2017	Pholidophoridae Arratia p. 3

References

Woodward A. S. The fossil fishes of the Hawkesbury Series at Gosford, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of New South Wales. Palaeontology 4, 1-57

Woodward A. S. , Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History), Part III, 1-544

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Gardiner B. G. (1960) A revision of certain actinopterygian and coelacanth fishes, chiefly from the Lower Lias, Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 4 7, 241-384

Jordan D. S. (1963) The Genera of Fishes and a Classification of Fishes, Stanford University Press, 1-816

Zambelli R. (1986) Notes on Pholidophoriformes VI Contribution Holidophorinae New Subfamily of the Upper Triassic (Note Sui Pholidophoriformes VI Contributo Holidophorinae Subfamiglia Nuova del Triassico Superiore), Rivista del Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali "Enrico Caffi" 10, 1-32

Cartanyá J. (1999) An overview of the Middle Triassic actinopterygians from Alcover, Mont-ral and El Pinetell (Catalonia, Spain), Mesozoic Fishes 2 - Systematics and the Fossil Record 2, 535-551

Arratia G. (2013) Morphology, taxonomy, and phylogeny of Triassic Pholidophorid fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33, 1-138

Tintori A., Sun Z. Y., et al (2015) Oldest stem Teleostei from the late Ladinian (Middle Triassic) of southern China, Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 121, 285-296

Arratia G. (2017) New Triassic teleosts (Actinopterygii, Teleosteomorpha) from northern Italy and their phylogenetic relationships among the most basal teleosts, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37, e1312690

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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