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Ophiurida
| Description |
The Ophiurida are an order of echinoderms within the class Ophiuroidea. It includes the vast majority of living brittle stars. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophiurida, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | order | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Ophiuroidea : Ophiurida | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Scientific Name | Ophiurida | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 330 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 72 (22%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 419 - 403 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environment | marine (based on Ophiuroidea) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | slow-moving (based on Ophiuroidea) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vision | blind (based on Ophiuroidea) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diet | detritivore, suspension feeder (based on Ophiuroidea) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reproduction | dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Echinodermata) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ontogeny | accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | high Mg calcite (based on Ophiuroidea) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | J. Müller and F.H. Troschel. 1840. Über die Gattungen der Ophiuren. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Berlin 6:327-330 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name(s) | Brittlestars, Basket Stars, Serpent Stars, クモヒトデ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophiurida |
External Images
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chilophiurina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 24 | 419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Gnathophiurina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 0 Ma Extant | |||
| Laemophiurina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 14 | 199 Ma Early Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Ophiomyxina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 39 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Ophiurina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 204 | 301 Ma Carboniferous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Chilophiurina infraorder | listed (PBDB) | 93 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Gnathophiurina infraorder | listed (PBDB) | 64 | 161 Ma Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Ophiodermatina infraorder | listed (PBDB) | 65 | 254 Ma Permian | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Ophiolepidina infraorder | listed (PBDB) | 0 Ma Extant | |||
| Aplocomidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 93 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Astrophiuridae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Dermocomidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 172 Ma Middle Jurassic | 166 Ma Middle Jurassic | |
| Ophiomusaidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ophiopyrgidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ophiosphalmidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ophiothricidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 10 | 161 Ma Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Ophiuridae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 169 | 254 Ma Permian | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Ophiurinidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 12 | 419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 242 Ma Middle Triassic | |
| Anophiura genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Dolicharthra ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Enakomusium ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | Brittle Star | 1 | 166 Ma Middle Jurassic | 166 Ma Middle Jurassic |
| Ophiaulaxoides ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Ophiolancea ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 140 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 140 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Ophioma ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 11.6 Ma Miocene | 11.6 Ma Miocene | |
| Ophiomaria genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ophiotrapezium ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 182 Ma Early Jurassic | 176 Ma Early Jurassic | |
| Ophiotrigonum ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 161 Ma Jurassic | 161 Ma Jurassic | |
| Ophiotrochus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ophiuricoma ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 176 Ma Early Jurassic | 176 Ma Early Jurassic | |
| Palaeocoma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Plathyarthra ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1836 | Acroura Agassiz |
| 1840 | Ophiureae Müller and Troschel |
| 1864 | Ophioderma bonnardi Oppel |
| 1866 | Acroura Wright |
| 1874 | Ophiolepis damesii Wright |
| 1880 | Ophiolepis damesii Wright pp. 161-163 figs. pl. 21 figs. 4, 5 |
| 1886 | Ophiolepis damesi Benecke p. 196 |
| 1886 | Ophioderma bonnardi Benecke p. 200 |
| 1887 | Ophioderma asteriformis Picard |
| 1889 | Ophiolepis damesi Boehm p. 271 |
| 1892 | Ophioglypha (Acroura) Neviani pp. 217-220 |
| 1904 | Ophiureae Clark p. 432 |
| 1923 | Ophiolepis damesii Lange p. 166 |
| 1940 | Ophioderma asteriformis Kutscher p. 14 |
| 1957 | Ophiolepis estarensis Barbier et al. p. 107 figs. figs. 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1-6 |
| 1957 | Ophiurida Lehmann p. 24 |
| 1960 | Ophiurida Fell |
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1961 | Ophiurites rhaeticus Laugier p. 3026 figs. Figs. 1, 2 |
| 1963 | Ophiurida Skwarko p. 579 |
| 1965 | Ophiolepis damesii Hess p. 160 |
| 1965 | Ophiurida Owen p. 548 |
| 1966 | Ophiurida Spencer and Wright p. U92 |
| 1983 | Ophiurida Haude and Thomas p. 132 |
| 1993 | Ophiurida Mostler and Krainer p. 37 |
| 1995 | Ophiurida Smith et al. |
| 1997 | Ophiurida Jell p. 312 |
| 2000 | Ophiurida Jagt p. 9 |
| 2002 | Ophiurida Radwanski p. 396 |
| 2002 | Ophiurida Sepkoski, Jr. |
| 2004 | Ophiurida Chen et al. p. 1306 |
| 2006 | Ophiurida Glass and Poschmann p. 971 |
| 2008 | Ophiurida Hess and Meyer p. 30 |
| 2008 | Ophiurida Storc and Zitt p. 125 |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
Limestone quarries, Solnhofen, Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen District, Middle Franconia, Bavaria, Germany