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Psammechinus

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Description

Psammechinus is a genus of sea urchins in the family Parechinidae containing two species:

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psammechinus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2278833	https://www.gbif.org/species/2278833
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	33061	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=33061

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Camarodonta : Parechinidae : Psammechinus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Camarodonta : Echinidae : Psammechinus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata	Klein 1754
subphylum	Echinozoa	von Zittel 1895
class	Echinoidea
subclass	Euechinoidea	Bronn 1860
-	Echinacea
order	Camarodonta	Jackson 1912
infraorder	Echinidea
family	Echinidae	Gray 1825
genus	Psammechinus	L.Agassiz & Desor 1846

Scientific Name

Psammechinus L.Agassiz & Desor, 1846

Name Published In

Ann. Sci. Nat., [3] (Zool.), 6

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Psammechinus	subgenus	belongs to Echinus	stated without evidence	Agassiz and Desor, 1867
Psammechinus	genus	belongs to Triplechinidae	stated without evidence	Clark and Twitchell, 1915
Psammechinus	genus	belongs to Echinidae	stated without evidence	Cooke, 1941
Psammechinus	genus	belongs to Echinoida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

2 (22%)

First Recorded Appearance

140 - 133 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Environment

marine (based on Echinodermata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Echinoidea)

Vision

limited (based on Echinoidea)

Diet

grazer, deposit feeder (based on Echinoidea)

Reproduction

dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Echinodermata)

Ontogeny

accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)

Taphonomy

high Mg calcite (based on Echinoidea)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psammechinus

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Echinus philanthropus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus arnei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus caillaudii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus carolinensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	28.1 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Psammechinus catenatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus charlesworthi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus cingulatus species	listed (PBDB)		1	59.2 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Psammechinus colgelsi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus dainellii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus demolyi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus desioi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus dewalquei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus deydieri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus dubius ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		5	20.4 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Psammechinus exoletus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Psammechinus fallax species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus floralanus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	28.4 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Psammechinus fuchsi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus gauthieri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus henslowi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus homoeyphus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus lahillei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus lyelli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus mengaudi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus microtuberculatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus miliaris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus mirabilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus mustapha species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus neuvillei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus ocalanus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Psammechinus orbignyi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus peroni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus philanthropus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		6	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Psammechinus pilleti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus punicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus revili species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus santee ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Psammechinus simplex species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psammechinus tournoueri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Psammachinus Pomel, 1868	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Camarodonta : Parechinidae : *Psammachinus*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1867	Echinus (Psammechinus) Agassiz and Desor
1915	Psammechinus Clark and Twitchell p. 63
1941	Psammechinus Cooke p. 15
1966	Psammechinus Fell and Pawson p. U433
1997	Psammechinus Kier p. 5
2002	Psammechinus Sepkoski, Jr.

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Clark W. B., Twitchell M. W. (1915) The Mesozoic and Cenozoic Echinodermata of the United States, United States Geological Survey Bulletin 54, 1-341

Cooke C. W. (1941) Cenozoic Regular Echinoids of Eastern United States, Journal of Paleontology 15 1, 1-20

Fell H. B., Pawson D. L. (1966) Echinacea, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,Part U Echinodermata 3. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press 2, U367-U440

Kier P. M. (1997) Oligocene echinoids of North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 83, 1-37

Aphia2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Ann. Sci. Nat., [3] (Zool.), 6 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Hansson, H.G. (2001). Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,. 50: pp. 336-351. - via World Register of Marine Species

Hansson, H. (2004). North East Atlantic Taxa (NEAT): Nematoda. Internet pdf Ed. Aug 1998. - via World Register of Marine Species

WoRMS (2013) Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.eu/ - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Hansson, G, Samuelsson, Cedhagen & Strand (2013) Nationalnyckeln till Sveriges flora och fauna. Tagghudingar–svalgsträngsdjur. Echinodermata– Hemichordata. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Anna Karlsson (tagghudingar) (2004) [Titel saknas] - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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