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Sphaerium

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Description

Sphaerium is a genus of very small freshwater clams, aquatic bivalve molluscs in the family Sphaeriidae, known as the fingernail clams. The small clams in this genus are unusual in that many of them, such as Sphaerium corneum, can climb around underwater on aquatic plants, using their long and strong foot.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphaerium, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2286706	https://www.gbif.org/species/2286706
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	62302	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=62302

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Sphaeriida : Sphaeriidae : Sphaerium

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Sphaeriidae : Sphaerium

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Bivalvia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Eubivalvia	Carter 2011
subclass	Autobranchia
infraclass	Heteroconchia
-	Cardiomorphi	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardioni	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardiidia	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardiata	Ferussac 1822
superorder	Cardiiformii	Ferussac 1822
order	Cardiida	Ferussac 1822
suborder	Cardiidina	Ferussac 1822
-	Veneroidei
-	Dreissenoitei	Moore 1952
superfamily	Sphaerioidea	Deshayes 1854
family	Sphaeriidae	Deshayes 1855
subfamily	Pisidiinae
genus	Sphaerium	Scopoli 1777

Common Name

fingernail clam

Scientific Name

Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777

Name Published In

Scopoli, Giovanni A. 1777. Introductio ad historiam naturalem sistens genera lapidum, plantarum, et animalium. Wolfgang Gerle, Pragae.: ; 3-506;.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Sphaerium	genus	belongs to Sphaeriidae	stated without evidence	Schultz and Cheatum, 1970
Sphaerium	genus	belongs to Pisidiidae	stated with evidence	Vokes, 1980
Sphaerium	genus	belongs to Sphaeriidae	stated without evidence	Shoshani et al., 1989
Sphaerium	genus	belongs to Pisidiidae	stated without evidence	Roth and Hartman, 1998
Sphaerium	genus	belongs to Sphaeriidae	implied	Lamprell and Healy, 1998
Sphaerium	genus	belongs to Sphaeriinae	stated without evidence	Bouchet et al., 2010

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

2 (40%)

First Recorded Appearance

164 - 145 Ma
Jurassic

Environment

freshwater (based on Sphaeriidae)

Motility

facultatively mobile (based on Veneroidei)

Vision

blind (based on Bivalvia)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Veneroidei)

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Bivalvia)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

H. E. Vokes. 1980. Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue. Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Common Name(s)

Fingernail Clam, Kugelmuscheln, Fingernailclams, Orb Mussels

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphaerium

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Sphaerium angulare species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium asiaticum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium baicalense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium barbadense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium bergeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium buruense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium capense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium capillaceum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium cooperi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium corneum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium costaricense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium discus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium fabale species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium hartmanni species	listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Sphaerium idahoense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium incomitatum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium japonicum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium kettlemanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium kigeziense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium korotniewii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium madagascariense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium mamillanum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium mamillarum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium masahensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium mausseneti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium meeki species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium mexicanum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium mohasicum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium naivashaense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium nitidum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sphaerium novaezealandiae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium novaezelandiae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium nucleus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium nyanzae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium occidentale species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium okinawaense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium ovale species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium parvulum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium parvum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium patella species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium pilacre species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium planum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium portoricensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium praescaldianum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium prominulum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium ranae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium recticardinale species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium rhomboideum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium rivicola species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium rogersi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium rosmalense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium rugosum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium ryckolti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium scaldianum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium simile species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium solidum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium stewartensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sphaerium striatinum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium stuhlmanni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium subcapense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium subsolidum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium subtile species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Musculium tasmanicum species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sphaerium veatleyii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium victoriae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sphaerium westerlundi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Corneocyclas Blainville, 1818	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Sphaeriida : Sphaeriidae : *Corneocyclas*
Spoerium Bowler-Kelley, 1928	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Sphaeriida : Sphaeriidae : *Spoerium*
Amesodon Agassiz, 1846	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Sphaeriida : Sphaeriidae : *Amesodon*
Clessinicyclas Alimov & Starobogatov, 1968	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Sphaeriida : Sphaeriidae : *Clessinicyclas*
Musculium H.Adams & A.Adams, 1857	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Sphaeriida : Sphaeriidae : *Musculium*
Amesoda Rafinesque, 1820	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Sphaeriida : Sphaeriidae : *Amesoda*
Spaerium Schlesch, 1925	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Sphaeriida : Sphaeriidae : *Spaerium*
Ameroda Rafinesque, 1820	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Sphaeriida : Sphaeriidae : *Ameroda*
Pseudocorbicula Dautzenberg, 1908	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Sphaeriida : Sphaeriidae : *Pseudocorbicula*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1777	Sphaerium Scopoli
1970	Sphaerium Schultz and Cheatum p. 842
1980	Sphaerium Vokes p. 166
1989	Sphaerium Shoshani et al. p. 435
1998	Sphaerium Lamprell and Healy p. 184
1998	Sphaerium Roth and Hartman
2010	Sphaerium Bouchet et al.

References

Vokes H. E. (1980) Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue, Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Schultz G. E., Cheatum E. P. (1970) Bison occidentalis and associated invertebrates from the late Wisconsin of Randall County, Texas, Journal of Paleontology 44 5, 836-850

Shoshani J., Fisher D. C., et al (1989) The Shelton Mastodon Site: Multidisciplinary study of a late Pleistocene (Twocreekan) locality in Southeastern Michigan, Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27 14, 393-436

Lamprell K., Healy J. (1998) , Bivalves of Australia 2

Roth B., Hartman J. H. (1998) Probable Cerion (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from Uppermost Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation, Garfield County, Montana, PaleoBios 18 2&3, 16-20

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., et al (2010) Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families, Malacologia 52 2, 1-184 doi:10.4002/040.052.0201

Karlsson, Anna (2004) Mollusker - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Aug 2011) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Lee, T.; Foighil, D. Ó. (2003). Phylogenetic structure of the Sphaeriinae, a global clade of freshwater bivalve molluscs, inferred from nuclear (ITS-1) and mitochondrial (16S) ribosomal gene sequences. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 137(2): 245-260. - via World Register of Marine Species

CoL2006/ITIS - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Intr. Hist. Nat. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

CoL2006/ITIS, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, et al., 1998: Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed.. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26. 526. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Millard, V., 1997: null. Classification of Mollusca: A classification of world wide Mollusca. 1-544. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Gittenberger et al. (2004) - via Taxa Watermanagement the Netherlands (TWN)

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 94 Twenty-two Mollusk and Tunicate names placed in the Official List of Generic Names.Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 73(4), 12-13 (1926) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Vaught, K. C. / Abbott, Robert T. and Kenneth J. Boss, 1989: null. A classification of the living Mollusca. xii+195. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Killeen, I. et al. (2004) - via Taxa Watermanagement the Netherlands (TWN)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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