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Hirundo

Description

The bird genus Hirundo is a group of passerines in the family Hirundinidae (swallows and martins). The genus name is Latin for a swallow. These are the typical swallows, including the widespread barn swallow. Many of this group have blue backs, red on the face and sometimes the rump or nape, and whitish or rufous underparts. With fifteen species this genus is the largest in its family.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)2489222https://www.gbif.org/species/2489222
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)191577https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=191577
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Hirundinidae : Hirundo
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-DinosauromorphaBenton 1985
-DinosauriformesNovas 1992
-Dinosauria
-Saurischia
-Theropoda
-NeotheropodaBakker 1986
-AverostraPaul 2002
-TetanuraeGauthier 1986
orderAvetheropodaPaul 1988
suborderCoelurosauriaHuene 1914
-ManiraptoraGauthier 1986
-ParavesSereno 1997
classAvesLinnaeus 1758
-PygostyliaChiappe 2002
-OrnithothoracesChiappe and Calvo 1994
-OrnithuromorphaChiappe et al. 1999
subclassOrnithuraeHaeckel 1866
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
-Neognathae
-NeoavesSibley et al. 1988
-TerrestrornithesLivezey and Zusi 2007
-Dendrornithes
-AnomalogonatesGarrod 1874
-PicoclamatoresLivezey and Zusi 2007
superorderPasserimorphaeSibley et al. 1988
orderPasseriformesLinnaeus 1758
familyHirundinidaeRafinesque 1815
genusHirundoLinnæus 1758
Common Nameswallow
Scientific NameHirundo Linnaeus, 1758
Name Published InLinnæus, Carolus. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. Vol. Tomus I, Editio decima, reformata: i-ii, 1-824.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Hirundogenusbelongs to Hirundinidaestated with evidenceLambrecht, 1933
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)5
Extant Size (PBDB)4 (80%)
First Recorded Appearance2.59 - 0.78 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Hirundinidae)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Theropoda)
Dietinsectivore (based on Hirundinidae)
Reproductionoviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)
Ontogenyaccretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)
Primary Reference (PBDB)C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824
Common Name(s) Swallow, Barn Swallows
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirundo

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Hirundo aethiopica
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo albicollis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo albigularis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo andrewi
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo angolensis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo arcticincta
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo astigma
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo atrocaerulea
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo brevicaudata
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo brevirostris
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo christyi
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo concolor
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo dimidiata
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo domicola
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo esculenta
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo fossilis âśť
species
listed (PBDB)
Hirundo fretensis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo fuscicapilla
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo klecho
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo leucopyga
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo leucosoma
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo longipennis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo lucida
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo megaensis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo melanocrissus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo monteiro
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo neoxena
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Welcome Swallow22.59 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant
Hirundo nigrita
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo nigrorufa
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo pyrrhonota
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo rustica
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Barn Swallow142.59 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant
Hirundo smithii
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo subfusca
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo tahitica
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Pacific Swallow30.13 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant
Hirundo tytleri
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo unalaschkensis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo vanikorensis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hirundo zonaris
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Cercropis Bonaparte, 1831GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Hirundinidae : Cercropis
Ptionoprogne Stoliczka, 1872GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Hirundinidae : Ptionoprogne
Acropis Reider & Hahn, 1835GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Hirundinidae : Acropis
Herophilus Gistl, 1848GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Hirundinidae : Herophilus
Ptyoprocne Oustalet, 1877GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Hirundinidae : Ptyoprocne

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1758Hirundo Linnaeus
1933Hirundo Lambrecht p. 636
1939Hirundo Gaillard p. 45
2017Hirundo Clements et al.

References

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542
Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024
Gaillard C. (1939) Contribution a l'étude des oiseaux fossiles [Contribution to the study of fossil birds], Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Lyon 15 2, 1-100
Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017
SOF (2007) Holarktis Fåglar, version 2. SOF:s Taxonomikommittés officiella lista över Holarktis fåglar - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Keith, S., E.K. Urban &Fry, C. H. (1992). The Birds of Africa, Volume IV. Academic Press, London. - via World Register of Marine Species
CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. 10th edition. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/Monroe Jr. & Sibley, 1993 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Møller,Anders Pape,Saino,N.,Calza,S. (1998) Effects of a dipteran ectoparasite on immune response and growth trade-offs in barn swallow, Hirundo rustica, nestlings - via Phthiraptera.info
London Ency., 22 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Brown,C. R.,Brown,M. B. (1986) Ectoparasitism as a cost of coloniality in cliff swallows (Hirundo pyrrhonota) - via Phthiraptera.info
María D. Soler-Cruz,Benítez-Rodríguez,Rocío,Guevara Benítez,D. C.,Alcántara Ibáñez,F. (1981) Estudio biométrico y morfológico de las especies de malófagos encontradas sobre Hirundo rustica L. - via Phthiraptera.info
Weatherhead,P. J.,Dufour,K. W. (1998) Bilateral symmetry as an indicator of male quality in red- winged blackbirds: associations with measures of health, viability, and parental effort - via Phthiraptera.info
Brown,C. R.,Brown,M. B. (1992) Ectoparasitism as a cause of natal dispersal in Cliff Swallows (Hirundo pyrrhonota) - via Phthiraptera.info
Møller,Anders Pape,Saino,N. (1994) Secondary sexual characters, parasites and testosterone in the barn swallow, Hirundo rustica - via Phthiraptera.info
Dogel,V. A.,Navcevie,N. (1936) Parasitofauna gorodskoj lastoeki - via Phthiraptera.info
Møller,Anders Pape,Magnhagen,C.,Ulfstrand,A.,Ulfstrand,S. (1995) Phenotypic quality and molt in the barn swallow, Hirundo rustica - via Phthiraptera.info
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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