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Crotophaga ani

Description

The smooth-billed ani (Crotophaga ani) is a large near passerine bird in the cuckoo family. It is a resident breeding species from southern Florida, the Bahamas, the Caribbean, parts of Central America, south to western Ecuador, Brazil, and northern Argentina. It was introduced to Galápagos around the 1960s and is potentially impacting native and endemic species across the archipelago.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)2496209https://www.gbif.org/species/2496209
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)372083https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372083
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Cuculiformes : Cuculidae : Crotophaga : Crotophaga ani
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Cuculiformes : Cuculidae : Crotophaga : Crotophaga ani
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-DinosauromorphaBenton 1985
-DinosauriformesNovas 1992
-Dinosauria
-Saurischia
-Theropoda
-NeotheropodaBakker 1986
-AverostraPaul 2002
-TetanuraeGauthier 1986
orderAvetheropodaPaul 1988
suborderCoelurosauriaHuene 1914
-ManiraptoraGauthier 1986
-ParavesSereno 1997
classAvesLinnaeus 1758
-PygostyliaChiappe 2002
-OrnithothoracesChiappe and Calvo 1994
-OrnithuromorphaChiappe et al. 1999
subclassOrnithuraeHaeckel 1866
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
-Neognathae
-NeoavesSibley et al. 1988
-TerrestrornithesLivezey and Zusi 2007
-Dendrornithes
-AnomalogonatesGarrod 1874
-CoccygesHuxley 1867
superorderCuculimorphaeSibley et al. 1988
orderCuculiformesWagler 1830
familyCuculidaeLeach 1820
genusCrotophagaLinnaeus 1758
speciesCrotophaga aniLinnaeus 1758
Generic NameCrotophaga
Common Namesmooth-billed ani
Scientific NameCrotophaga ani Linnaeus, 1758
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Crotophaga anispeciesbelongs to Crotophagastated without evidenceLinnaeus, 1758
Crotophaga anispeciesbelongs to Crotophagastated with evidenceBernstein, 1965
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
Extant Size (PBDB)1 (100%)
First Recorded Appearance0.01 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Cuculidae)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Theropoda)
Dietinsectivore (based on Cuculidae)
Reproductionoviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)
Ontogenyaccretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)
Primary Reference (PBDB)C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824
Common Name(s) Smooth-billed Ani, Smooth-billed/groove-billed Ani, Garrapatero Pico Liso, Chamón, Cagüingos, Glattschnabelani, Garrapatero Menor, Ani, Ani Beccoliscio, Ani à Bec Lisse, Garrapatero Aní, Glattnebbani, Kleine Ani, Anu-preto, Aní De Bec Llis, Glotniasnapė Vikšralesė Gegutė, Gludknābja Ani, Kiilnokk-ühiskägu, Kleszczojad Gładkodzioby, Kukačka Ani, Ostronos Ani, Simacsőrű Ani, Slätnäbbad Ani, Ани, オオハシカッコウ, 平嘴犀鵑, 滑嘴犀鹃
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotophaga_ani

Fossil Distribution

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1758Crotophaga ani Linnaeus p. 105
1922Crotophaga ani Wetmore p. 2
1965Crotophaga ani Bernstein p. 276
2017Crotophaga ani Clements et al.

References

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542
Wetmore A. (1922) Remains of birds from caves in the republic of Haiti, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 74 4, 1-4
Bernstein L. (1965) Fossil birds from the Dominican Republic, Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 28, 271-284
Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright, 2006: null. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. ix + 259. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Direction 43 Addition to the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology (a) of the specific names of the type species of seventy three genera in the class Aves, the names of which were placed on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology in the period up to the end of 1936 and (B) of twelve specific names which are currently regarded as senior Subjective synonyms of such names.Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1D(D.7), 171-210 (1956) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology
(1996) database, NODC Taxonomic Code - via Catalogue of Life
(2001) database, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad - via Catalogue of Life
Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright (2006) Birds of the World: Recommended English Names - via Catalogue of Life
(2006) website, Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource, 2006.04.08 - via Catalogue of Life
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada: Resource Publication, no. 166 - via Catalogue of Life
(2005) website, AOU Check-List (07-2005) - via Catalogue of Life
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada - via Catalogue of Life
Ayerbe Quiñones, F. (2018). Guía ilustrada de la avifauna colombiana. Wildlife Conservation Society - via Línea base de especies en términos de su vocación de conservación y uso sostenible del departamento de Santander - Proyecto Santander BIO
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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