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Oxyura

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Description

The stiff-tailed ducks, Oxyura, are part of the Oxyurini tribe of ducks. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek oxus, "sharp", and oura, "tail".

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxyura, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2498299	https://www.gbif.org/species/2498299
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	129151	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=129151

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Oxyura

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
-	Pygostylia	Chiappe 2002
-	Ornithothoraces	Chiappe and Calvo 1994
-	Ornithuromorpha	Chiappe et al. 1999
subclass	Ornithurae	Haeckel 1866
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
-	Neognathae
-	Galloanserae	Sibley and Ahlquist 1990
superorder	Galloanserimorphae
order	Anseriformes	Wagler 1831
family	Anatidae	Vigors 1825
genus	Oxyura	Bonaparte 1828

Scientific Name

Oxyura Bonaparte, 1828

Name Published In

Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 2 p. 390

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Oxyura	genus	belongs to Anatidae	stated without evidence	Wetmore, 1962
Oxyura	genus	belongs to Oxyurinae	stated without evidence	Brodkorb, 1964
Oxyura	genus	belongs to Anatidae	stated without evidence	Alvarez, 1977
Oxyura	genus	belongs to Mergini	stated without evidence	Emslie, 1992
Oxyura	genus	belongs to Oxyurinae	stated without evidence	Zelenkov, 2012
Oxyura	genus	belongs to Anatidae	stated without evidence	Clements et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

7 (70%)

First Recorded Appearance

4.90 - 1.80 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Theropoda)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

herbivore (based on Anseriformes)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

A. Wetmore. 1962. Notes on fossil and subfossil birds. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 145(2):1-17

Common Name(s)

Stiff-tailed Ducks, Kopparänder, Ob. Kopparand

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxyura

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Oxyura australis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Blue-billed Duck			0 Ma Extant
Oxyura bessomi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene
Oxyura ferruginea species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Andean Duck			0 Ma Extant
Oxyura hulberti ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	4.90 Ma Pliocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Oxyura jamaicensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Ruddy Duck	9	0.30 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Oxyura leucocephala species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	White-headed Duck	1	1.81 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Oxyura maccoa species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Maccoa Duck			0 Ma Extant
Oxyura unifasciata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Oxyura vittata species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Lake Duck			0 Ma Extant
Oxyura zapatanima ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Pervicauda Mathews, 1945	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : *Pervicauda*
Plectrura Gistl, 1848	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : *Plectrura*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1828	Oxyura Bonaparte p. 1
1962	Oxyura Wetmore
1964	Oxyura Brodkorb p. 332
1972	Oxyura Howard p. 11
1977	Oxyura Alvarez p. 215
1992	Oxyura Emslie
2012	Oxyura Zelenkov p. 526 figs. Table 1
2014	Oxyura del Hoyo et al.
2017	Oxyura Clements et al.

References

Wetmore A. (1962) Notes on fossil and subfossil birds, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 145 2, 1-17

Brodkorb P. (1964) Catalogue of Fossil Birds. Part 2 (Anseriformes through Galliformes), Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 8 3, 195-335

Howard H. (1972) Type specimens of avian fossils in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science, 1-27

Alvarez R. (1977) A Pleistocene avifauna from Jalisco, Mexico, Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan 24 19, 205-220

Emslie S. D. (1992) Two new late Blancan avifaunas from Florida and the extinction of wetland birds in the Plio-Pleistocene, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series 36, 249-269

Zelenkov N. V. (2012) A New Duck from the Middle Miocene of Mongolia, with Comments on Miocene Evolution of Ducks, Paleontological Journal 46 5, 520-530

del Hoyo J., Collar N. J., et al (2014) HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines, 1-904

Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

web search (AJR) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Giorn. arcad., 49 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Monroe Jr. & Sibley, 1993 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Brown, L.H., E.K. Urban & K. Newman. (1982). The Birds of Africa, Volume I. Academic Press, London. - via World Register of Marine Species

SOF (2007) Holarktis Fåglar, version 2. SOF:s Taxonomikommittés officiella lista över Holarktis fåglar - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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