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Quercygale

Description

Quercygale is an extinct genus of Miacidae, primitive carnivores that lived during the Eocene. The genus contains four species: Q. angustidens, Q. hastingsae, Q. helvetica, and Q. smithi. Phylogenetic analysis of the basicranial morphology of miacid carnivoramorphans suggests Quercygale is the most advanced miacid and sister to crown group Carnivora, predating the split between Feliformia and Caniformia., although another recent study places them as a stem group within Feliformia.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)3240037https://www.gbif.org/species/3240037
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)40993https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40993
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Miacidae : Quercygale
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Quercygale
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-LaurasiatheriaWaddell et al. 1999
-ScrotiferaWaddell et al. 1999
-FeraeLinnaeus 1758
-CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
-CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
genusQuercygaleKretzoi 1945
Scientific NameQuercygale Kretzoi, 1945
Name Published InAnnls Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natn. Hung. 38
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Quercygalegenusbelongs to Caniformiastated with evidenceFlynn and Galiano, 1982
Quercygalegenusbelongs to ViverravidaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Quercygalegenusbelongs to Miacinaestated without evidenceAstibia et al., 2000
Quercygalegenusbelongs to Miacidaestated with evidenceWesley-Hunt and Werdelin, 2005
Quercygalegenusbelongs to Carnivoramorphastated with evidenceTomiya, 2011
Quercygalegenusbelongs to Carnivoraformesstated with evidenceSolé, 2014
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)5
First Recorded Appearance56.0 - 47.8 Ma
Eocene
Last Recorded Appearance37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietinsectivore (based on Mammaliaformes)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercygale

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Quercygale angustidens
species
listed (PBDB)441.3 Ma
Eocene
37.2 Ma
Eocene
Quercygale hastingsae
species
listed (PBDB)138.0 Ma
Eocene
38.0 Ma
Eocene
Quercygale helvetica
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
448.6 Ma
Eocene
41.3 Ma
Eocene
Quercygale smithi
species
doubtful (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
256.0 Ma
Paleocene
56.0 Ma
Paleocene
Viverra angustidens
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Viverra hastingsae
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Humbertia de Beaumont, 1965GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Miacidae : Humbertia

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1945Quercygale Kretzoi
1965Humbertia De Beaumont
1982Quercygale Flynn and Galiano p. 50
1988Quercygale Carroll
2000Quercygale Astibia et al. p. 237
2005Quercygale Wesley-Hunt and Werdelin p. 838
2011Quercygale Tomiya p. 16
2014Quercygale Solé
2016Quercygale Solé et al.

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Flynn J. J., Galiano H. (1982) Phylogeny of early Tertiary Carnivora, with a description of a new species of Protictis from the middle Eocene of northwestern Wyoming, American Museum Novitates 2725, 1-64
Astibia H., Aranburu A., et al (2000) Un nouveau site à vertébrés continentaux de l'Éocène supérieur de Zambrana (Bassin de Maranda-Treviño, Alava, Pays basque), Géobios 32 2, 233-248
Wesley-Hunt G. D., Werdelin L. (2005) Basicranial morphology and phylogenetic position of the upper Eocene carnivoramorphan Quercygale, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 4, 837-846
Tomiya S. (2011) A new basal caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the middle Eocene of North America and remarks on the phylogeny of early carnivorans, PLoS ONE 6 9, e24146 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024146
Solé F. (2014) New carnivoraforms from the early Eocene of Europe and their bearing on the evolution of the Carnivoraformes, Palaeontology 57 5, 963-978
Solé F., Smith T., et al (2016) New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 2, e1082480:1-19
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Annls Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natn. Hung. 38 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Palaeo DB (June 2011) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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