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Gomphotherium ✝

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Gomphotherium sp.

Webster County, Nebraska, USA

Gomphotherium sp.

Webster County, Nebraska, USA

Gomphotherium sp.

Webster County, Nebraska, USA

Description

Gomphotherium ("welded beast") is an extinct genus of proboscids from the Neogene and early Pleistocene of Eurasia, Africa, and North America.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gomphotherium, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3240495	https://www.gbif.org/species/3240495
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	43247	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=43247

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Gomphotheriidae : Gomphotherium

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Afrotheria	Stanhope et al. 1998
-	Tethytheria	McKenna 1975
order	Proboscidea
suborder	Elephantiformes	Tassy 1988
-	Elephantimorpha	Tassy and Shoshani 1997
-	Elephantida	Tassy and Shoshani 1997
superfamily	Gomphotherioidea	Hay 1922
family	Gomphotheriidae	Hay 1922
genus	Gomphotherium	Burmeister 1837

Scientific Name

Gomphotherium Burmeister, 1837

Name Published In

Handb. Zool., (2

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Gomphotherium	genus	belongs to Gomphotheriidae	stated without evidence	Burmeister, 1837
Gomphotherium	genus	belongs to Gomphotheriidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Gomphotherium	genus	belongs to Gomphotheriidae	stated without evidence	Shoshani and Tassy, 1996
Gomphotherium	genus	belongs to Gomphotheriini	stated without evidence	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Gomphotherium	genus	belongs to Gomphotheriidae	stated with evidence	Lambert and Shoshani, 1998
Gomphotherium	genus	belongs to Gomphotheriidae	implied	Sach and Heizmann, 2001
Gomphotherium	genus	belongs to Gomphotheriidae	stated without evidence	Sanders and Miller, 2002
Gomphotherium	genus	belongs to Gomphotheriinae	stated without evidence	Shoshani and Tassy, 2005
Gomphotherium	genus	belongs to Gomphotheriidae	stated with evidence	Lambert, 2007
Gomphotherium	genus	belongs to Gomphotheriinae	stated without evidence	Sanders et al., 2010
Gomphotherium	genus	belongs to Gomphotheriidae	stated without evidence	Boessenecker, 2011

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

33.9 - 23.0 Ma
Cenozoic

Last Recorded Appearance

0.13 - 0.01 Ma
Pleistocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

browser

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals.

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gomphotherium

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Gomphotherium angustidens ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		48	23.0 Ma Miocene	7.25 Ma Miocene
Gomphotherium connexus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Gomphotherium emmonsi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Gomphotherium gratum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Gomphotherium minor species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gomphotherium ngorora ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	13.8 Ma Miocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Gomphotherium pygmaeus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Gomphotherium shensiensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	13.8 Ma Miocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Gomphotherium wimani ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	23.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Mastodon angustidens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Mastodon ligoniferus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Mastodon obscurus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		24	23.0 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Mastodon productus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	16.0 Ma Miocene	13.6 Ma Miocene
Mastodon rugosidens ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Serridentinus anguirvalis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Serridentinus brewsterensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Serridentinus filholi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Serridentinus mongoliensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Serridentinus nebrascensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Serridentinus simplicidens ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	10.3 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Tetrabelodon angustidens ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		17	23.0 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Tetrabelodon osborni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		15	23.0 Ma Miocene	13.6 Ma Miocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Genomastodon Barbour, 1917	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Gomphotheriidae : *Genomastodon*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1837	Gomphotherium Burmeister
1857	Trilophodon Falconer
1877	Mastodon (Trilophodon) Lydekker
1884	Tetrabelodon Cope
1917	Genomastodon Barbour
1923	Serridentinus Osborn
1933	Ocalientinus Frick
1933	Tatabelodon Frick
1933	Trobelodon Frick
1981	Gomphotherium Qiu et al.

Year	Name and Author
1988	Gomphotherium Carroll
1996	Gomphotherium Shoshani and Tassy p. 352
1997	Gomphotherium McKenna and Bell p. 500
1998	Gomphotherium Lambert and Shoshani p. 610
2001	Gomphotherium Sach and Heizmann p. 40
2002	Gomphotherium Sanders and Miller p. 389
2005	Gomphotherium Shoshani and Tassy p. 9 figs. Table 2
2007	Gomphotherium Lambert p. 681
2010	Gomphotherium Sanders et al. p. 196
2011	Gomphotherium Boessenecker p. 2

References

Alroy J. (2002) Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals

Barbour E. H. (1917) The Boyd County Mastodon, Tetrabelodon osborni, Nebraska Geological Survey 4 30, 1-14

Osborn H. F. (1923) New subfamily, generic, and specific stages in the evolution of the Proboscidea, American Museum Novitates 99

Qiu Z., Li C., et al (1981) Miocene mammalian fossils from Xining Basin, Qinghai, Vertebrata PalAsiatica 19 2, 156-173

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Shoshani J., Tassy P. (1996) Summary, conclusions, and a glimpse into the future, in J. Shoshani and P. Tassy, eds., The Proboscidea: Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives, 335-348

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Lambert W. D., Shoshani J. (1998) Proboscidea, Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America, 606-621

Sach V. J., Heizmann E. P. J. (2001) Stratigraphy and mammal faunas of the Brackwassermolasse in the surroundings of Ulm (Southwest Germany), Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 310, 1-95

Sanders W. J., Miller E. R. (2002) New proboscideans from the early Miocene of Wadi Mogahara, Egypt, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22 2, 388-404

Shoshani J., Tassy P. (2005) Advances in proboscidean taxonomy & classification, anatomy & physiology, and ecology & behavior, Quaternary International 126-128, 5-20

Lambert W. D. (2007) New tetralophodont gomphothere material from Nebraska and its implications for the status of North American Tetralophodon, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 3, 676-682

Sanders W. J., Gheerbrant E., et al (2010) Proboscidea, Cenozoic Mammals of Africa, 161-251

Boessenecker R. W. (2011) Herpetocetine (Cetacea: Mysticeti) dentaries from the Upper Miocene Santa Margarita Sandstone of Central California, PaleoBios 30 1, 1-12

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Handb. Zool., (2 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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