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Elater
| Description |
An elater is a cell (or structure attached to a cell) that is hygroscopic, and therefore will change shape in response to changes in moisture in the environment. Elaters come in a variety of forms, but are always associated with plant spores. In many plants that do not have seeds, they function in dispersing the spores to a new location. Mosses do not have elaters, but peristomes which change shape with changes in humidity or moisture to allow for a gradual release of spores. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elater, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | genus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Elateridae : Elater | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Scientific Name | Elater Linnaeus, 1758 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name Published In | Linnæus, Carolus. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. Vol. Tomus I, Editio decima, reformata: i-ii, 1-824. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 1 (4.5%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environment | terrestrial (based on Insecta) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | actively mobile (based on Arthropoda) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | chitin (based on Insecta) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elater |
External Images
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elater (Octamenogonoides) ✝ subgenus | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Elater abruptus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater albipes species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater analis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater arizonensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater asmodaius species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater asmodeus ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
| Elater assimils species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater axillaris species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater berryi ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 41.3 Ma Eocene | 41.3 Ma Eocene | |
| Elater bifasciatus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater bimaculatus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater burmitinus ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Elater canabinus ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
| Elater carolinensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater consimilis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater exanimatus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater ferrugineus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater florissantensis ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Elater fulgidus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater fulvus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater gebleri species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater granulicollis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater heeri species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater laevissimus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater lecontei species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater longulus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater mitrus ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
| Elater mucidus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater naumanni ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Elater niger species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater nigripes species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater oregonus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater pedestris species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater primitivus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater propheticus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater puber species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater quadrinotatus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater quadrum species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater restructus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater rohweri ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Elater rubescens species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater rufangulus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater ruficaudis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater sanguinicollis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater scudderi ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Elater solskyi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater submersus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater substriatus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater umbilicatus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater variatus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater viridanus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elater wallesii ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 0.01 Ma Pleistocene | 0.01 Ma Pleistocene | |
| Elater wisniowskii ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 13.7 Ma Miocene | 13.7 Ma Miocene | |
| Ludius exanimatus ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Ludius granulicollis ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Ludius heeri ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Ludius laevissimus ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Ludius primitivus ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 2 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Ludius propheticus ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 3 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Ludius restructus ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Ludius submersus ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
Obsolete Names
| Name | Source | Taxon Rank | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ludius Berthold, 1827 | GBIF | genus | Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Elateridae : Ludius |
| Morous Gistl, 1834 | GBIF | genus | Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Elateridae : Morous |
| Steatoderus Dejean, 1833 | GBIF | genus | Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Elateridae : Steatoderus |
| Steatoderes Gistel, 1856 | GBIF | genus | Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Elateridae : Steatoderes |
| Octamenogonoides Yablokov-Khnzoryan, 1961 | GBIF | genus | Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Elateridae : Octamenogonoides |
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1758 | Elater Linnaeus |
| 1761 | Elater Linnaeus p. 205 |
| 1762 | Elater Geoffroy p. 129 |
| 1763 | Elater Scopoli p. 91 |
| 1764 | Elater Müller p. 16 |
| 1766 | Elater Schaeffer |
| 1767 | Elater Linnaeus p. 651 |
| 1768 | Elater Strøm p. 326 |
| 1775 | Elater Fabricius p. 210 |
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1792 | Elater Fabricius p. 216 |
| 1796 | Elater Latreille p. 42 |
| 1798 | Elater Fabricius p. 138 |
| 1802 | Elater Latreille p. 100 |
| 1827 | Ludius Berthold p. 336 |
| 1961 | Elater Yablokov-Khnzorian p. 88 |
| 1989 | Elater Zhang p. 122 |
| 2011 | Elater Bouchard et al. |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
