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Dakosaurus

Description

Dakosaurus is an extinct genus within the family Metriorhynchidae that lived during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. It was large, with teeth that were serrated and compressed lateromedially (flattened from side to side). The genus was established by Friedrich August von Quenstedt in 1856 for an isolated tooth named Geosaurus maximus by Plieninger. Dakosaurus was a carnivore that spent much, if not all, its life out at sea. The extent of its adaptation to a marine lifestyle means that it is most likely that it mated at sea, but since no eggs or nests have been discovered that have been referred to Dakosaurus, whether it gave birth to live young at sea like dolphins and ichthyosaurs or came ashore like turtles is not known. The name Dakosaurus means "biter lizard", and is derived from the Greek dakos ("biter") and σαῦρος -sauros ("lizard").


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4822315https://www.gbif.org/species/4822315
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)36588https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36588
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Metriorhynchidae : Dakosaurus
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Metriorhynchidae : Dakosaurus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
-Pseudosuchia
-SuchiaKrebs 1974
-ParacrocodylomorphaParrish 1993
-Loricata
-Crocodylomorpha
suborderCrocodyliformesHay 1930
-MesoeucrocodyliaWhetstone and Whybrow 1983
-NeosuchiaClark 1988
suborderThalattosuchiaFraas 1901
familyMetriorhynchidaeFitzinger 1843
subfamilyGeosaurinaeLydekker 1889
genusDakosaurusQuenstedt 1856
Scientific NameDakosaurus Quenstedt, 1856
Name Published InQuenstedt, Friedrich A. 1856. Sonst und Jetzt: Populäre Vortäge über Geologie. Verlag der H. Laupp'schen, Tübingen.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Dakosaurusgenusbelongs to Amphicoeliastated without evidenceOwen, 1861
Dakosaurusgenussubjective synonym of Steneosaurusstated without evidenceHulke, 1869
Dakosaurusgenusbelongs to Mosasauriastated with evidenceSauvage, 1873
Dakosaurusgenusbelongs to Dinosauristated without evidenceQuenstedt, 1882
Dakosaurusgenusbelongs to Teleosauridaestated without evidenceDelair, 1958
Dakosaurusgenusbelongs to MetriorhynchidaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Dakosaurusgenusbelongs to Crocodiliasecond handSepkoski, 2002
Dakosaurusgenusbelongs to Metriorhynchidaestated with evidenceGasparini et al., 2006
Dakosaurusgenusbelongs to Geosaurinaestated with evidenceYoung et al., 2010
Dakosaurusgenusbelongs to Geosaurinistated with evidenceCau and Fanti, 2011
Dakosaurusgenusbelongs to Neosuchiastated with evidenceNascimento and Zaher, 2011
Dakosaurusgenusbelongs to Thalattosuchiastated without evidenceBronzati et al., 2012
Dakosaurusgenusbelongs to Geosaurinistated with evidenceYoung, 2013
Dakosaurusgenusbelongs to Neosuchiastated without evidenceSertich and O'Connor, 2014
Dakosaurusgenusbelongs to Geosaurinaestated with evidenceParrilla-Bel and Canudo, 2015
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)3
First Recorded Appearance164 - 157 Ma
Jurassic
Last Recorded Appearance122 - 112 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Environmentmarine (based on Thalattosuchia)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Thalattosuchia)
Dietcarnivore (based on Thalattosuchia)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite (based on Thalattosuchia)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakosaurus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Brachytaenius perennis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Dakosaurus andiniensis
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
6152 Ma
Late Jurassic
145 Ma
Late Jurassic
Geosaurus maximus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
15157 Ma
Jurassic
151 Ma
Late Jurassic
Plerodon crocodiloides
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Dacosaurus Quenstedt, 1856GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Metriorhynchidae : Dacosaurus
Dacosaurus Sauvage, 1873GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Metriorhynchidae : Dacosaurus

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1839Plerodon Meyer p. 77
1842Brachytaenius Merian
1845Brachytaenius Meyer p. 282
1856Dakosaurus Quenstedt
1861Dakosaurus Owen p. 300
1873Dacosaurus Sauvage p. 384
1882Dakosaurus Quenstedt p. 182
1958Dakosaurus Delair p. 59
1988Dakosaurus Carroll
2002Dakosaurus Sepkoski, Jr.
2006Dakosaurus Gasparini et al. p. 72
YearName and Author
2007Dakosaurus Buchy et al.
2010Dakosaurus Young et al. p. 858
2011Dakosaurus Cau and Fanti p. 558 fig. 6
2011Dakosaurus Nascimento and Zaher
2012Dakosaurus Bronzati et al.
2013Dakosaurus Young
2013Dakosaurus Young et al.
2014Dakosaurus Herrera and Vennari
2014Dakosaurus Sertich and O'Connor
2014Dakosaurus Young et al.
2015Dakosaurus Parrilla-Bel and Canudo

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560
Meyer H. v. Zu meiner nun vor fast zehn Jahren gemachten und unausgesetzt verfolgten Entdeckung... [On my constantly pursued discovery, now made almost ten years ago...], Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrfaktenkunde 1839, 76-79
Meyer H. v. System der fossilen Saurier [Taxonomy of fossil saurians], Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde 1845, 278-285
Owen R. , Palaeontology, or a Systematic Summary of Extinct Animals and their Geological Relations. Second Edition. Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh, 1-463
Sauvage H.-E. Notes sur les reptiles fossiles, Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, série 3 1, 365-386
Delair J. B. (1958) The Mesozoic reptiles of Dorset. Part one, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society 79, 47-72
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Gasparini Z., Pol D., et al (2006) An unusual marine crocodyliform from the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary of Patagonia, Science 311, 70-73
Buchy M.-C., Stinnesbeck W., et al (2007) Première mention du genre Dakosaurus (Crocodyliformes, Thalattosuchia) dans le Jurassique supérieur du Mexique, Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France 178 5, 391-397
Young M. T., Brusatte S. L., et al (2010) The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (Mesoeucrocodylia, Thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometric morphometrics, analysis of disparity, and biomechanics, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 4, 801-859 doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00571.x
Cau A., Fanti F. (2011) The oldest known metriorhynchid crocodylian from the Middle Jurassic of North-eastern Italy: Neptunidraco ammoniticus gen. et sp. nov., Gondwana Research 19, 550-565
Nascimento P. M., Zaher H. (2011) The skull of the Upper Cretaceous baurusuchid crocodile Baurusuchus alberoi Nascimento & Zaher 2010, and its phylogenetic affinities, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163, S116-S131
Bronzati M., Montefeltro F. C., et al (2012) A species-level supertree of Crocodyliformes, Historical Biology 24 6, 598-606
Young M. T. (2013) Filling the ‘Corallian Gap’: re-description of a metriorhynchid crocodylomorph from the Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) of Headington, England, Historical Biology doi:10.1080/08912963.2012.760559
Young M. T., de Andrade M. B., et al (2013) A new metriorhynchid crocodylomorph from the Lower Kimmeridge Clay Formation (Late Jurassic of England), with implications for the evolution of dermatocranium ornamentation in Geosaurini, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 169, 820-848
Herrera Y., Vennari V. V. (2014) Cranial anatomy and neuroanatomical features of a new specimen of Geosaurini (Crocodylomorpha: Metriorhynchidae) from west-Central Argentina, Historical Biology doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2013.861831
Sertich J. J. W., O'Connor P. M. (2014) A new crocodyliform from the middle Cretaceous Galula Formation, southwestern Tanzania, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 3, 576-596
Young M. T., Steel L., et al (2014) Largest known specimen of the genus Dakosaurus (Metriorhynchidae: Geosaurini) from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation (Late Jurassic) of England, and an overview of Dakosaurus specimens discovered from this formation (including reworked specimens from the Woburn Sands Formation), Historical Biology doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2014.915822
Parrilla-Bel J., Canudo J. I. (2015) Postcranial elements of Maledictosuchus riclaensis (Thalattosuchia) from the Middle Jurassic of Spain, Journal of Iberian Geology 41 1, 31-40 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_JIGE.2015.v41.n1.48653
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Sonst und jetzt - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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