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Pachycephalosauridae
| Description | Pachycephalosauria (from Greek παχυκεφαλόσαυρος for 'thick headed lizards') is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs. Along with Ceratopsia, it makes up the clade Marginocephalia. Genera include Pachycephalosaurus, Stegoceras, and Prenocephale. With the exception of two species, most pachycephalosaurs lived during the Late Cretaceous Period, dating between about 85.8 and 65.5 million years ago. They are exclusive to the Northern Hemisphere, all of them being found in North America and Asia. They were all bipedal, herbivorous/omnivorous animals with thick skulls. Skulls can be domed, flat, or wedge-shaped depending on the species, and are all heavily ossified. The domes were often surrounded by nodes and/or spikes. Partial skeletons have been found of several pachycephalosaur species, but to date no complete skeletons have been discovered. Often isolated skull fragments are the only bones that are found. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachycephalosauridae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Rank | family | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Pachycephalosauridae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (GBIF) |
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| Scientific Name | Pachycephalosauridae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name Published In | Journal of Paleontology, 19(5): 535 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachycephalosauridae |
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acrotholus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Alaskacephale genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Amtocephale genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Colepiocephale genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ferganocephale genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Gravitholus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Hanssuesia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
 Pachycephalosaurus ✝genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 30 | 83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Prenocephale genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Stegoceras genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Texacephale genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Tylocephale genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Yaverlandia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Obsolete Names
| Name | Source | Taxon Rank | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Troodon bexelli (Bohlin, 1953) | GBIF | species | Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Pachycephalosauridae : Troodon bexelli |
| Tholocephalidae | GBIF | family | Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Tholocephalidae |
| Stegoceras bexell (Bohlin, 1953) | GBIF | species | Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Pachycephalosauridae : Stegoceras bexell |
| Stegoceras bexelli (Bohlin, 1953) | GBIF | species | Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Pachycephalosauridae : Stegoceras bexelli |
| Troodon bexell (Bohlin, 1953) | GBIF | species | Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Pachycephalosauridae : Troodon bexell |
References
| Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 1371 Pachycephalosaurus Brown & Schlaikjer, 1943 and Troodon wyomingensis Gilmore, 1931 (Reptilia, Dinosauria): conserved.Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 43, 19-20 (1986) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology |
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
