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Achelousaurus

Description

Achelousaurus ( or: ) is a genus of centrosaurine ceratopsid dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now North America, about 74.2 million years ago. The first fossils of Achelousaurus were collected in Montana in 1987, by a team led by Jack Horner, with more finds made in 1989. In 1994, Achelousaurus horneri was described and named by Scott D. Sampson; the generic name means "Achelous lizard", in reference to a Greek mythological figure, and the specific name refers to Horner. The genus is known from a few specimens consisting mainly of skull material from individuals, ranging from juveniles to adults.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4823147https://www.gbif.org/species/4823147
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)53956https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53956
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Ceratopsidae : Achelousaurus
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Ceratopsidae : Achelousaurus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-DinosauromorphaBenton 1985
-DinosauriformesNovas 1992
-Dinosauria
-Ornithischia
-Neornithischia
-ClypeodontaNorman 2014
-CerapodaSereno 1986
-MarginocephaliaSereno 1986
-Ceratopsia
infraorderNeoceratopsiaSereno 1986
-CoronosauriaSereno 1986
superfamilyCeratopsoideaHay 1902
familyCeratopsidaeMarsh 1888
subfamilyCentrosaurinaeLambe 1915
-PachyrhinosauriniFiorillo and Tykoski 2012
genusAchelousaurusSampson 1995
Scientific NameAchelousaurus Sampson, 1995
Name Published InJ Vertebr Paleontol 15 (4), 27 December
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Achelousaurusgenusbelongs to Centrosaurinaestated without evidenceSampson, 1994
Achelousaurusgenusbelongs to Centrosaurinaestated with evidenceDodson et al., 2004
Achelousaurusgenusbelongs to Centrosaurinaestated without evidenceFarke, 2004
Achelousaurusgenusbelongs to Centrosaurinaestated with evidenceLongrich, 2010
Achelousaurusgenusbelongs to Pachyrostrastated with evidenceFiorillo and Tykoski, 2012
Achelousaurusgenusbelongs to Centrosaurinaestated with evidenceEvans and Ryan, 2015
Achelousaurusgenusbelongs to Pachyrhinosaurinistated with evidenceRyan et al., 2017
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)2
First Recorded Appearance83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Last Recorded Appearance83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Environmentterrestrial (based on Ceratopsia)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Ornithischia)
Dietherbivore (based on Ceratopsia)
Reproductionoviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Ornithischia)
Ontogenyaccretion,modification of parts (based on Ornithischia)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Ornithischia)
Primary Reference (PBDB)S. D. Sampson. 1994. Two new horned dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae) from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation, Montana, USA. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(3, suppl.):44A
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achelousaurus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Achelousaurus horneri
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
283.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
83.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1994Achelousaurus Sampson p. 44A
1995Achelousaurus Sampson
1997Achelousaurus Dodson p. 476
1997Achelousaurus Vickaryous and Ryan p. 492
2001Achelousaurus Horner et al. p. 9
2004Achelousaurus Dodson et al. p. 495
2004Achelousaurus Farke p. 5
2005Achelousaurus Ryan and Russell pp. 1381-3 fig. 10
2007Achelousaurus Ryan p. 391 fig. 12
YearName and Author
2010Achelousaurus Longrich p. 692 fig. 10
2010Achelousaurus McDonald and Horner p. 160 fig. 10.5
2010Achelousaurus Xu et al. p. 1634 fig. 3
2011Achelousaurus Farke et al. p. 699
2011Achelousaurus McDonald p. 9
2012Achelousaurus Fiorillo and Tykoski
2015Achelousaurus Evans and Ryan
2017Achelousaurus Ryan et al. p. 9

References

Sampson S. D. (1994) Two new horned dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae) from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation, Montana, USA, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14 3, suppl., 44A
Sampson S. D. (1995) Two new horned dinosaurs from the upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana; with a phylogenetic analysis of the Centrosaurinae (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14 5, 743-760
Horner J. R., Schmitt J. G., et al (2001) Bones and rocks of the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine-Judith River clastic wedge complex, Montana, In C. L. Hill (ed), Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 61st Annual Meeting, Bozeman. Guidebook for the Field Trips: Mesozoic and Cenozoic Paleontology in the Western Plains and Rocky Mountains, Museum of the Rockies Occasional Paper 3, 3-13
Dodson P., Forster C. A., et al (2004) Ceratopsidae, In D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson & H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, 494-513
Farke A. A. (2004) Ceratopsid dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous Almond Formation of southwestern Wyoming, Rocky Mountain Geology 39 1, 1-5
Ryan M. J., Russell A. P. (2005) A new centrosaurine ceratopsid from the Oldman Formation of Alberta and its implications for centrosaurine taxonomy and systematics, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, 1369-1387
Ryan M. J. (2007) A new basal centrosaurine ceratopsid from the Oldman Formation, southeastern Alberta, Journal of Paleontology 81 2, 376-396
Longrich N. R. (2010) Mojoceratops perifania, a new chasmosaurine ceratopsid from the late Campanian of western Canada, Journal of Paleontology 84 4, 681-694 doi:10.1666/09-114.1
McDonald A. T., Horner J. R. (2010) New material of "Styracosaurus" ovatus from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana, New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 156-168
Xu X., Wang K.-B., et al (2010) First ceratopsid dinosaur from China and its biogeographical implications, Chinese Science Bulletin 55 16, 1631-1635 doi:10.1007/s11434-009-3614-5
Farke A. A., Ryan M. J., et al (2011) A new centrosaurine from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada, and the evolution of parietal ornamentation in horned dinosaurs, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 4, 691-702 doi:10.4202/app.2010.0121
McDonald A. T. (2011) A subadult specimen of Rubeosaurus ovatus (Dinosauria: Ceratopsidae), with observations on other ceratopsids from the Two Medicine Formation, PLoS ONE 6 8, e22710:1-12 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022710
Fiorillo A. R., Tykoski R. S. (2012) A new Maastrichtian species of the centrosaurine ceratopsid Pachyrhinosaurus from the North Slope of Alaska, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57 3, 561-573
Evans D. C., Ryan M. J. (2015) Cranial anatomy of Wendiceratops pinhornensis gen. et sp. nov., a centrosaurine ceratopsid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Oldman Formation (Campanian), Alberta, Canada, and the evolution of ceratopsid nasal ornamentation, PLoS ONE 10 7, e0130007 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130007
Ryan M. J., Holmes R., et al (2017) A basal ceratopsid (Centrosaurinae: Nasutoceratopsini) from the Oldman Formation (Campanian) of Alberta, Canada, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 54, 1-14 doi:10.1139/cjes-2016-0110
GBIF/Paleo Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
J Vertebr Paleontol 15 (4), 27 December - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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