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Scutellosaurus

Description

Scutellosaurus (skoo-TEL-oh-SOR-əs) is an extinct genus of thyreophoran ornithischian dinosaur that lived approximately 196 million years ago during the early part of the Jurassic Period in what is now Arizona, USA. It is classified in Thyreophora, the armoured dinosaurs; its closest relatives may have been Emausaurus and Scelidosaurus, another armored dinosaur which was mainly a quadrupedal dinosaur, unlike bipedal Scutellosaurus. It is one of the earliest representatives of the armored dinosaurs and the basalmost form discovered to date. Scutellosaurus was a small, lighly-built, ground-dwelling, herbivore, that could grow up to an estimated 1.2 m (3.9 ft) long.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4823154https://www.gbif.org/species/4823154
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)38802https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38802
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Scutellosaurus
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Scutellosaurus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-DinosauromorphaBenton 1985
-DinosauriformesNovas 1992
-Dinosauria
-Ornithischia
-GenasauriaSereno 1986
-Thyreophora
genusScutellosaurusColbert 1981
Scientific NameScutellosaurus Colbert, 1981
Name Published InMuseum nth. Arizona Bull. No. 53
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Scutellosaurusgenusbelongs to Fabrosauridaestated without evidenceColbert, 1981
Scutellosaurusgenusbelongs to Ornithischiastated without evidenceNorman, 1984
Scutellosaurusgenusbelongs to Fabrosauridaestated without evidenceBattail, 1986
Scutellosaurusgenusbelongs to ScelidosauridaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Scutellosaurusgenusbelongs to Thyreophorastated with evidenceBenton, 1990
Scutellosaurusgenusbelongs to Thyreophorastated without evidenceSereno, 1991
Scutellosaurusgenusbelongs to Thyreophorastated with evidenceSereno, 1998
Scutellosaurusgenusbelongs to Scelidosauridaestated without evidenceDong, 2001
Scutellosaurusgenusbelongs to Thyreophorastated without evidenceBarrett, 2001
Scutellosaurusgenusbelongs to Thyreophorastated with evidenceNorman et al., 2004
Scutellosaurusgenusbelongs to Thyreophorastated without evidenceWeishampel, 2004
Scutellosaurusgenusbelongs to Thyreophorastated with evidenceButler et al., 2008
Scutellosaurusgenusbelongs to Scelidosauridaestated without evidenceUlansky, 2014
Scutellosaurusgenusbelongs to Thyreophorastated with evidenceMadzia et al., 2018
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)2
First Recorded Appearance199 - 183 Ma
Early Jurassic
Last Recorded Appearance199 - 183 Ma
Early Jurassic
Environmentterrestrial (based on Ornithischia)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Ornithischia)
Dietherbivore (based on Ornithischia)
Reproductionoviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Ornithischia)
Ontogenyaccretion,modification of parts (based on Ornithischia)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Ornithischia)
Primary Reference (PBDB)E. H. Colbert. 1981. A primitive ornithischian dinosaur from the Kayenta Formation of Arizona. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 53:1-61
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scutellosaurus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Scutellosaurus lawleri
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
3199 Ma
Early Jurassic
199 Ma
Early Jurassic

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1981Scutellosaurus Colbert p. 6
1983Scutellosaurus Galton p. 14
1983Scutellosaurus Weishampel and Weishampel p. 44
1984Scutellosaurus Milner and Norman p. 146
1984Scutellosaurus Norman p. 342
1984Scutellosaurus Russell p. 22
1986Scutellosaurus Battail p. 50
1988Scutellosaurus Carroll
1990Scutellosaurus Benton p. 28
1991Scutellosaurus Sereno p. 176
1997Scutellosaurus Sereno p. 440 fig. 2
1998Scutellosaurus Sereno p. 67 fig. 5
1999Scutellosaurus Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
YearName and Author
2001Scutellosaurus Barrett p. 27 fig. 2.1
2001Scutellosaurus Dong p. 241
2004Scutellosaurus Norman et al. p. 337
2004Scutellosaurus Weishampel p. 323
2006Scutellosaurus Maidment et al. p. 951 fig. 8
2007Scutellosaurus Butler et al. fig. S2
2007Scutellosaurus Nesbitt et al. p. 236
2008Scutellosaurus Butler et al. p. 20 figs. 2-4
2008Scutellosaurus Maidment et al. p. 390 fig. 11
2012Scutellosaurus Han et al. p. 1391 fig. 14
2014Scutellosaurus Ulansky p. 4
2018Scutellosaurus Madzia et al. p. 973 fig. 4

References

Colbert E. H. (1981) A primitive ornithischian dinosaur from the Kayenta Formation of Arizona, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 53, 1-61
Galton P. M. (1983) Armored dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) from the Middle and Upper Jurassic of Europe, Palaeontographica Abteilung A 182 1-3, 1-25
Weishampel D. B., Weishampel J. B. (1983) Annotated localities of ornithopod dinosaurs: implications to Mesozoic paleobiogeography, The Mosasaur 1, 43-87
Russell D. A. (1984) A check list of the families and genera of North American dinosaurs, Syllogeus 53, 1-35
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Benton M. J. (1990) Origin and interrelationships of dinosaurs, The Dinosauria, D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, & H. Osmólska (editors), University of California Press, Berkeley, 11-30
Sereno P. C. (1991) Lesothosaurus, "fabrosaurids," and the early evolution of Ornithischia, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11 2, 168-197
Sereno P. C. (1997) The origin and evolution of dinosaurs, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 25, 435-489
Sereno P. C. (1998) A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with application to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 210 1, 41-83
Sereno P. C. (1999) The evolution of dinosaurs, Science 284, 2137-2147
Dong Z. (2001) Primitive armored dinosaur from the Lufeng Basin, China, Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, D. H. Tanke and K. Carpenter (eds.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 237-242
Norman D. B., Witmer L. M., et al (2004) Basal Thyreophora, The Dinosauria (2nd edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, 335-342
Maidment S. C. R., Wei G., et al (2006) Re-description of the postcranial skeleton of the Middle Jurassic stegosaur Huayangosaurus taibaii, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 4, 944-956
Butler R. J., Smith R. M. H., et al (2007) A primitive ornithischian dinosaur from the Late Triassic of South Africa, and the early evolution and diversification of Ornithischia, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 274, 2041-2046
Nesbitt S. J., Irmis R. B., et al (2007) A critical re-evaluation of the Late Triassic dinosaur taxa of North America, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 5 2, 209-243
Butler R. J., Upchurch P., et al (2008) The phylogeny of ornithischian dinosaurs, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6 1, 1-40 doi:10.1017/S1477201907002271
Maidment S. C. R., Norman D. B., et al (2008) Systematics and phylogeny of Stegosauria (Dinosauria: Ornithischia), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6 4, 367-407 doi:10.1017/S1477201908002459
Han F.-L., Barrett P. M., et al (2012) Postcranial anatomy of Jeholosaurus shangyuanensis (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 6, 1370-1395 doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694385
Ulansky R. E. (2014) Dinosaurs classification. Basal Thyreophora & Stegosauria, Dinologia, 1-8
Madzia D., Boyd C. A., et al (2018) A basal ornithopod dinosaur from the Cenomanian of the Czech Republic, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 16 11, 967-979 doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1371258
Museum nth. Arizona Bull. No. 53 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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