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Eurycleidus

Description

Eurycleidus is an extinct genus of large-bodied rhomaleosaurid known from the Early Jurassic period (most likely earliest Hettangian stage) of the United Kingdom. It contains a single species, E. arcuatus. Like other plesiosaurs, Eurycleidus probably lived on a diet of fish, using its sharp needle-like teeth to catch prey. Its shoulder bones were fairly large, indicating a powerful forward stroke for fast swimming.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4823552https://www.gbif.org/species/4823552
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)36472https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36472
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Rhomaleosauridae : Eurycleidus
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Sauropterygia : Rhomaleosauridae : Eurycleidus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
orderSauropterygiaOwen 1861
-Pistosauria
-Plesiosauria
familyRhomaleosauridaeNopcsa 1928
genusEurycleidusAndrews 1922
Scientific NameEurycleidus Andrews, 1922
Name Published InQuart. J. Geol. Soc., 78
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Eurycleidusgenusbelongs to Plesiosauriastated without evidenceAndrews, 1922
Eurycleidusgenusbelongs to Leptocleididaestated without evidenceWhite, 1940
Eurycleidusgenusbelongs to Plesiosauridaestated without evidenceDelair, 1960
Eurycleidusgenusbelongs to PliosauridaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Eurycleidusgenusbelongs to Pliosauridaestated with evidenceCruickshank, 1994
Eurycleidusgenusbelongs to Pliosauroideastated with evidenceO'Keefe, 2001
Eurycleidusgenusbelongs to Plesiosauriasecond handSepkoski, 2002
Eurycleidusgenusbelongs to Rhomaleosauridaestated with evidenceKetchum and Benson, 2011
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)2
First Recorded Appearance201 - 197 Ma
Early Jurassic
Last Recorded Appearance197 - 183 Ma
Early Jurassic
Environmentmarine (based on Plesiosauria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Plesiosauria)
Dietcarnivore (based on Plesiosauria)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Plesiosauria)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite (based on Plesiosauria)
Primary Reference (PBDB)C. W. Andrews. 1922. Description of a new plesiosaur from the Weald Clay of Berwick (Sussex). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 78:285-298
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurycleidus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Plesiosaurus arcuatus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
4201 Ma
Early Jurassic
197 Ma
Early Jurassic

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1922Eurycleidus Andrews p. 294 figs. Pl. XV, figs. 1-3
1940Eurycleidus White p. 465
1960Eurycleidus Delair pp. 53, 58-59
1988Eurycleidus Carroll
1994Eurycleidus Cruickshank p. 153
2001Eurycleidus O'Keefe p. 19 fig. 20
2002Eurycleidus Sepkoski, Jr.
2011Eurycleidus Ketchum and Benson p. 126
2012Eurycleidus Benson et al. fig. 4

References

Andrews C. W. (1922) Description of a new plesiosaur from the Weald Clay of Berwick (Sussex), Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 78, 285-298
White T. E. (1940) Holotype of Plesiosaurus longirostris Blake and classification of the plesiosaurs, Journal of Paleontology 14 5, 451-467
Delair J. B. (1960) The Mesozoic reptiles of Dorset. Part two, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society 80, 52-90
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Cruickshank A. R. I. (1994) A juvenile plesiosaur (Plesiosauria: Reptilia) from the Lower Lias (Hettangian: Lower Jurassic) of Lyme Regis, England: a pliosauroid-plesiosauroid intermediate?, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 112, 151-178
O'Keefe F. R. (2001) A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia), Acta Zoologica Fennica 213, 1-63
Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560
Ketchum H. F., Benson R. B. J. (2011) A new pliosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Oxford CLay Formation (Middle Jurassic, Callovian) of England: evidence for a gracile, longirostrine grade of Early-Middle Jurassic pliosaurids, Special Papers in Palaeontology 86, 109-129
Benson R. B. J., Evans M., et al (2012) High diversity, low disparity and small body size in plesiosaurs (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from the Triassic–Jurassic boundary, PLoS ONE 7 3, e31838 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031838
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Quart. J. Geol. Soc., 78 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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