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Amebelodon

Description

Amebelodon is a genus of extinct proboscidean belonging to Amebelodontidae (the so-called shovel-tuskers), a group of proboscideans related to the modern elephants and their close relative the mammoth. The most striking attribute of this animal is its lower tusks, which are narrow, elongated, and distinctly flattened with the degree of flattening varying among the different species. Two valid species are currently placed within this genus, which was endemic to North America. Other species once assigned to Amebelodon are now assigned to the genus Konobelodon, which was once a subgenus.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4825859https://www.gbif.org/species/4825859
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)43241https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=43241
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Gomphotheriidae : Amebelodon
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-AfrotheriaStanhope et al. 1998
-TethytheriaMcKenna 1975
orderProboscidea
suborderElephantiformesTassy 1988
-ElephantimorphaTassy and Shoshani 1997
-ElephantidaTassy and Shoshani 1997
superfamilyGomphotherioideaHay 1922
familyGomphotheriidaeHay 1922
genusAmebelodonBarbour 1927
Scientific NameAmebelodon Barbour, 1927
Name Published InBull. Nebraska Mus., 1, no. 13, 1929, 1
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Amebelodongenusbelongs to Gomphotheriidaestated without evidenceBarbour, 1927
Amebelodongenusbelongs to GomphotheriidaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Amebelodongenusbelongs to Gomphotheriidaestated without evidenceLambert, 1990
Amebelodongenusbelongs to Amebelodontinaestated without evidenceShoshani and Tassy, 1996
Amebelodongenusbelongs to Amebelodontinastated without evidenceMcKenna and Bell, 1997
Amebelodongenusbelongs to Gomphotheriidaestated with evidenceLambert and Shoshani, 1998
Amebelodongenusbelongs to Amebelodontinaestated without evidenceShoshani and Tassy, 2005
Amebelodongenusbelongs to Gomphotheriidaestated without evidenceGeraads et al., 2005
Amebelodongenusbelongs to Amebelodontinaestated without evidenceSanders et al., 2010
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)6
First Recorded Appearance23.0 - 10.3 Ma
Miocene
Last Recorded Appearance9.70 - 4.90 Ma
Neogene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietbrowser
Ecospace Commentsbrowser based on morphology (Lambert 1992) and mostly a browser based carbon isotopes (MacFadden and Cerling 1995)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)E. H. Barbour. 1927. Preliminary Notice of a New Proboscidean Amebelodon fricki, gen. et sp. nov. Bulletin of the Nebraska State Museum 13:1-4
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amebelodon

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Amebelodon (Amebelodon)
subgenus
listed (PBDB)
Amebelodon britti
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
223.0 Ma
Miocene
10.3 Ma
Miocene
Amebelodon fricki
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
313.6 Ma
Miocene
10.3 Ma
Miocene
Mastodon floridanus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
623.0 Ma
Miocene
10.3 Ma
Miocene
Mastodon grandincisivum
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
19.70 Ma
Miocene
9.70 Ma
Miocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1927Amebelodon Barbour
1988Amebelodon Carroll
1990Amebelodon Lambert p. 1033
1996Amebelodon Shoshani and Tassy p. 352
1997Amebelodon McKenna and Bell p. 501
1998Amebelodon Lambert and Shoshani p. 613
2005Amebelodon Geraads et al. p. 530
2005Amebelodon Shoshani and Tassy p. 9 figs. Table 2
2010Amebelodon Sanders et al. p. 202

References

Barbour E. H. (1927) Preliminary Notice of a New Proboscidean Amebelodon fricki, gen. et sp. nov., Bulletin of the Nebraska State Museum 13, 1-4
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Lambert W. D. (1990) Rediagnosis of the Genus Amebelodon (Mammalia, Proboscidea, Gomphotheriidae), with a New Subgenus and Species, Amebelodon (Konobelodon) britti, Journal of Paleontology 64 6, 1032-1040
Shoshani J., Tassy P. (1996) Summary, conclusions, and a glimpse into the future, in J. Shoshani and P. Tassy, eds., The Proboscidea: Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives, 335-348
McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640
Lambert W. D., Shoshani J. (1998) Proboscidea, Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America, 606-621
Geraads D., Kaya T., et al (2005) Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 3, 523-544
Shoshani J., Tassy P. (2005) Advances in proboscidean taxonomy & classification, anatomy & physiology, and ecology & behavior, Quaternary International 126-128, 5-20
Sanders W. J., Gheerbrant E., et al (2010) Proboscidea, Cenozoic Mammals of Africa, 161-251
Bull. Nebraska Mus., 1, no. 13, 1929, 1 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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