Log InRegister
Quick Links : The Mindat ManualThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic Time
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsUsersMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice SettingsThe Mineral Quiz
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColorNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography
BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Deinotheriidae âśť

Description

Deinotheriidae ("terrible beasts") is a family of prehistoric elephant-like proboscideans that lived during the Cenozoic era, first appearing in Africa, then spreading across southern Asia (Indo-Pakistan) and Europe. During that time, they changed very little, apart from growing much larger in size; by the late Miocene, they had become the largest land animals of their time. Their most distinctive features were the downward-curving tusks on the lower jaw.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4825893https://www.gbif.org/species/4825893
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)43279https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=43279
Rankfamily
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-AfrotheriaStanhope et al. 1998
-TethytheriaMcKenna 1975
orderProboscidea
suborderDeinotherioidea
familyDeinotheriidaeBonaparte 1845
Common Namedeinothere
Scientific NameDeinotheriidae
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Deinotheriidaefamilybelongs to Sireniastated without evidenceBonaparte, 1850
Deinotheriidaefamilybelongs to Proboscideastated without evidenceCope, 1889
Deinotheriidaefamilybelongs to DeinotherioideaimpliedCarroll, 1988
Deinotheriidaefamilybelongs to Proboscideastated without evidenceShoshani and Tassy, 1996
Deinotheriidaefamilybelongs to ElephantiformesimpliedSach and Heizmann, 2001
Deinotheriidaefamilybelongs to Proboscideastated without evidenceHuttunen and Göhlich, 2002
Deinotheriidaefamilybelongs to Deinotherioideastated without evidenceKoufos et al., 2003
Deinotheriidaefamilybelongs to Proboscideastated without evidencePickford, 2003
Deinotheriidaefamilybelongs to Plesielephantiformesstated without evidenceShoshani and Tassy, 2005
Deinotheriidaefamilybelongs to Proboscideastated without evidenceGeraads et al., 2005
Deinotheriidaefamilybelongs to Deinotherioideastated without evidenceSanders et al., 2010
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)16
First Recorded Appearance28.4 - 23.0 Ma
Cenozoic
Last Recorded Appearance1.81 - 0.01 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietgrazer, browser (based on Proboscidea)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
Common Name(s) Deinothere
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deinotheriidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Chilgatheriinae âśť
subfamily
listed (PBDB)128.1 Ma
Oligocene
28.1 Ma
Oligocene
Deinotheriinae âśť
subfamily
listed (PBDB)
Chilgatherium âśť
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
128.1 Ma
Oligocene
28.1 Ma
Oligocene
Deinotherium âśť
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
15723.0 Ma
Miocene
1.81 Ma
Pleistocene
Prodeinotherium âśť
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
5928.4 Ma
Oligocene
11.6 Ma
Miocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1845Deinotheriidae Bonaparte
1850Dinotheriidae Bonaparte p. 1
1850Dinotheriina Bonaparte p. 1
1889Dinotheriidae Cope p. 876
1891Dinotheriidae Flower and Lydekker p. 90
1916Dinotheriidae Stefani p. 11
1919Dinotheriidae Abel p. 829
1984Deinotheriidae Mahboubi et al. p. 543
1988Deinotheriidae Carroll
1996Deinotheriidae Shoshani and Tassy p. 352
YearName and Author
1997Deinotheriidae McKenna and Bell p. 498
2001Deinotheriidae Sach and Heizmann p. 40
2002Deinotheriidae Huttunen and Göhlich p. 490
2003Deinotheriidae Koufos et al.
2003Deinotheriidae Pickford p. 208
2005Deinotheriidae Geraads et al. p. 536
2005Deinotheriidae Shoshani and Tassy p. 9 figs. Table 2
2007Deinotheriidae Christiansen p. 428
2010Deinotheriidae Sanders et al. p. 174

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Bonaparte C.-L. , Conspectus Systematis Mastozoologiae. Editio Altera Reformata [Survey of the system of mammals. Second revised edition]. E. J. Brill, Leyden, 1
Cope E. D. Synopsis of the families of Vertebrata, The American Naturalist 23, 1-29
Abel O. (1919) Die Stämme der Wirbeltiere, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, Leipzig, 914 p.
Mahboubi M., Ameur R., et al (1984) Earliest known proboscidean from the early Eocene of north-west Africa, Nature 308, 543-544
Shoshani J., Tassy P. (1996) Summary, conclusions, and a glimpse into the future, in J. Shoshani and P. Tassy, eds., The Proboscidea: Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives, 335-348
McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640
Sach V. J., Heizmann E. P. J. (2001) Stratigraphy and mammal faunas of the Brackwassermolasse in the surroundings of Ulm (Southwest Germany), Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 310, 1-95
Huttunen K., Göhlich U. B. (2002) Un squelette partiel de Prodeinotherium bavaricum (Proboscidea, Mammalia) du Miocène moyen de Unterzolling (Molasse d’eau douce supérieure, Allemagne), Geobios 35 4, 489-514
Koufos G. D., Zouros N., et al (2003) Prodeinotherium bavaricum (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from Lesvos island, Greece; the appearance of deinotheres in the Eastern Mediterranean\r\n, Geobios 36, 305-315 doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(03)00031-7
Pickford M. (2003) New Proboscidea from the Miocene strata in th elower Orange River Valley, Namibia, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Namibia 19, 207-256
Geraads D., Kaya T., et al (2005) Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 3, 523-544
Shoshani J., Tassy P. (2005) Advances in proboscidean taxonomy & classification, anatomy & physiology, and ecology & behavior, Quaternary International 126-128, 5-20
Sanders W. J., Gheerbrant E., et al (2010) Proboscidea, Cenozoic Mammals of Africa, 161-251
Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
Mindat Discussions Facebook Logo Instagram Logo Discord Logo
Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: April 30, 2024 15:16:22
Go to top of page