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Purgatoriidae ✝

Description

Purgatorius is a genus of four extinct eutherian species typically believed to be the earliest example of a primate or a proto-primate, a primatomorph precursor to the Plesiadapiformes, dating to as old as 66 million years ago. The first remains (P. unio and P. ceratops) were reported in 1965, from what is now eastern Montana's Tullock Formation (early Paleocene, Puercan), specifically at Purgatory Hill (hence the animal's name) in deposits believed to be about 63 million years old, and at Harbicht Hill in the late Cretaceous and lower Paleocene Hell Creek Formation. Both locations are in McCone County.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4827520https://www.gbif.org/species/4827520
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)40703https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40703
Rankfamily
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Purgatoriidae
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
orderPrimatesLinnaeus 1758
suborderPlesiadapiformesSimons and Tattersall 1972
familyPurgatoriidaeGunnell 1989
Scientific NamePurgatoriidae
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Purgatoriidaefamilybelongs to Plesiadapiformesstated with evidenceGunnell, 1989
Purgatoriidaefamilybelongs to ParomomyoideaimpliedMcKenna and Bell, 1997
Purgatoriidaefamilybelongs to Plesiadapiformesstated without evidenceFox and Scott, 2011
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)3
First Recorded Appearance66.0 - 63.3 Ma
Paleocene
Last Recorded Appearance66.0 - 63.3 Ma
Paleocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Plesiadapiformes)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietinsectivore, omnivore (based on Plesiadapiformes)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Plesiadapiformes)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)G. F. Gunnell. 1989. Evolutionary History of Microsyopoidea (Mammalia, ?Primates) and the Relationship Between Plesiadapiformes and Primates. University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 27:1-157
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purgatoriidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Purgatorius
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
866.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
61.7 Ma
Paleocene
Ursolestes
genus
doubtful (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
166.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1989Purgatoriidae Gunnell p. 11
1997Purgatoriidae McKenna and Bell
2011Purgatoriidae Fox and Scott

References

Gunnell G. F. (1989) Evolutionary History of Microsyopoidea (Mammalia, ?Primates) and the Relationship Between Plesiadapiformes and Primates, University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 27, 1-157
McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640
Fox R. C., Scott C. S. (2011) A new, early Puercan (earliest Paleocene) species of Purgatorius (Plesiadapiformes, Primates) from Saskatchewan, Canada, Journal of Paleontology 85 3, 537-548
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Systema Naturae 2000 (2006 version) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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