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Cormohipparion ✝

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Description

Cormohipparion is an extinct genus of horse belonging to the tribe Hipparionini that lived in North America during the late Miocene to Pliocene (Hemphillian to Blancan in the NALMA classification).

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cormohipparion, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4830450	https://www.gbif.org/species/4830450
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	45274	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=45274

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Cormohipparion

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Cormohipparion

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
order	Perissodactyla
suborder	Lophodontomorpha	Hooker and Dashzeveg 2004
infraorder	Euperissodactyla	Hooker and Dashzeveg 2004
-	Hippomorpha
superfamily	Equoidea	Hay 1902
family	Equidae	Gray 1821
subfamily	Equinae	Steinmann and Döderlein 1890
tribe	Hipparionini	Quinn 1955
genus	Cormohipparion	Skinner & MacFadden 1977

Scientific Name

Cormohipparion Skinner & MacFadden, 1977

Name Published In

J. Paleont. 51

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Cormohipparion	genus	belongs to Equinae	stated without evidence	Manning and MacFadden, 1989
Cormohipparion	genus	belongs to Hippotheriini	stated without evidence	Prothero and Schoch, 1989
Cormohipparion	genus	belongs to Hipparionini	stated with evidence	Kelly, 1995
Cormohipparion	genus	belongs to Hipparionini	stated without evidence	Hulbert and Whitmore, 2006
Cormohipparion	genus	nomen dubium Hipparionini	stated with evidence	Alroy, 2007
Cormohipparion	genus	belongs to Hipparionini	stated with evidence	Bravo-Cuevas and Ferrusquia-Villafranca, 2008

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

23.0 - 16.0 Ma
Miocene

Last Recorded Appearance

4.90 - 1.80 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

grazer, browser

Ecospace Comments

mixed feeder leaning towards browsing based on stable isotopes (MacFadden and Cerling 1996) but probably predominantly a C4 grazer and also a browser based on hypsodonty, isotopes, and microwear (MacFadden et al. 1999)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

M. F. Skinner and B. J. MacFadden. 1977. Cormohipparion n. gen. (Mammalia, Equidae) from the North American Miocene (Barstovian-Clarendonian). Journal of Paleontology 51(5):912-926

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cormohipparion

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Cormohipparion (Cormohipparion) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)
Cormohipparion (Notiocradohipparion) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)
Cormohipparion emsliei ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	18	23.0 Ma Miocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Cormohipparion fricki ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	13.6 Ma Miocene	13.6 Ma Miocene
Cormohipparion goorisi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	23.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Cormohipparion johnsoni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	13.6 Ma Miocene	13.6 Ma Miocene
Cormohipparion matthewi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	13.6 Ma Miocene	13.6 Ma Miocene
Cormohipparion merriami ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	13.6 Ma Miocene	13.6 Ma Miocene
Cormohipparion quinni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	10	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Cormohipparion skinneri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	13.6 Ma Miocene	13.6 Ma Miocene
Hipparion occidentale ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	16	23.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Hippotherium ingenuum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	32	23.0 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Hippotherium plicatile ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	18	23.0 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Hippotherium sphenodus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	20.4 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1977	Cormohipparion Skinner and MacFadden
1989	Cormohipparion Manning and MacFadden p. 37
1989	Cormohipparion Prothero and Schoch p. 532
1995	Cormohipparion Kelly p. 26
1998	Cormohipparion MacFadden p. 549
2006	Cormohipparion Hulbert and Whitmore p. 17
2008	Cormohipparion Bravo-Cuevas and Ferrusquia-Villafranca
2019	Cormohipparion May

References

Skinner M. F., MacFadden B. J. (1977) Cormohipparion n. gen. (Mammalia, Equidae) from the North American Miocene (Barstovian-Clarendonian), Journal of Paleontology 51 5, 912-926

Manning E. M., MacFadden B. J. (1989) Pliocene three-toed horses from Louisiana, with comments on the Citronelle Formation, Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology 22 2, 35-46

Prothero D. R., Schoch R. M. (1989) Classification of the Perissodactyla, The Evolution of Perissodactyla, 530-537

Kelly T. S. (1995) New Miocene horses from the Caliente Formation, Cuyama Valley Badlands, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 455, 1-33

MacFadden B. J. (1998) Equidae, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1, 537-559

Hulbert R. C., Whitmore F. C. (2006) Late Miocene mammals from the Mauvilla Local Fauna, Alabama, Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 46 1, 1-28

Bravo-Cuevas V. M., Ferrusquia-Villafranca I. (2008) Cormohipparion (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae) from the middle Miocene of Oaxaca, southeastern Mexico, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 1, 243-250 doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[243:CMPEFT]2.0.CO;2

May S. R. (2019) The Lapara Creek Fauna: Early Clarendonian of south Texas, USA, Palaeontologia Electronica 22.1.15, 1-129 doi:10.26879/929

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

J. Paleont. 51 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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