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Homotherium

Description

Homotherium (also known as the scimitar-toothed cat or scimitar cat) is an extinct genus of machairodontine saber-toothed cats, often termed scimitar-toothed cats, that inhabited North America, South America, Eurasia, and Africa during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs (4 mya – 12,000 years ago), existing for approximately 4 million years.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4834007https://www.gbif.org/species/4834007
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)41056https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=41056
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Homotherium
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-LaurasiatheriaWaddell et al. 1999
-ScrotiferaWaddell et al. 1999
-FeraeLinnaeus 1758
-CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
-CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivoraBowditch 1821
suborderFeliformiaKretzoi 1945
superfamilyAeluroideaFlower 1869
familyFelidaeGray 1821
subfamilyMachairodontinaeGill 1872
tribeMachairodontiniGill 1872
genusHomotheriumFabrini 1890
Scientific NameHomotherium Fabrini, 1890
Name Published InBull. Com. Geol. Ital., 21
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Homotheriumgenusbelongs to Felidaestated without evidenceFabrini, 1890
Homotheriumgenusbelongs to Homotheriinistated without evidenceKurten, 1968
Homotheriumgenusbelongs to Machairodontinaestated without evidenceKurten and Anderson, 1980
Homotheriumgenusbelongs to Machairodontinistated without evidenceBerta and Galiano, 1983
Homotheriumgenusbelongs to FelidaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Homotheriumgenusbelongs to Machairodontinaestated without evidenceScharapov, 1996
Homotheriumgenusbelongs to Felidaestated without evidenceGeraads, 1997
Homotheriumgenusbelongs to Machairodontinaestated without evidenceMartin, 1998
Homotheriumgenusbelongs to Homotherinistated with evidenceMartin et al., 2000
Homotheriumgenusbelongs to Homotheriinistated without evidenceSlater and Van Valkenburgh, 2008
Homotheriumgenusbelongs to Felidaestated without evidenceWerdelin and Peigne, 2010
Homotheriumgenusbelongs to Machairodontinistated with evidenceWallace and Hulbert, 2013
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)9
First Recorded Appearance23.0 - 7.2 Ma
Miocene
Last Recorded Appearance0.13 - 0.01 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietcarnivore (based on Felidae)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals.
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homotherium

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Dinobastis serus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
92.59 Ma
Pleistocene
0.13 Ma
Pleistocene
Homotherium sainzelli
species
listed (PBDB)45.33 Ma
Miocene
0.78 Ma
Pleistocene
Homotherium ultimum
species
listed (PBDB)132.59 Ma
Pleistocene
0.13 Ma
Pleistocene
Homotherium venezuelensis
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
12.59 Ma
Pleistocene
2.59 Ma
Pleistocene
Ischyrosmilus crusafonti
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
14.90 Ma
Pliocene
4.90 Ma
Pliocene
Ischyrosmilus idahoensis
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
34.90 Ma
Pliocene
4.90 Ma
Pliocene
Ischyrosmilus johnstoni
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
14.90 Ma
Pliocene
4.90 Ma
Pliocene
Machaerodus ischyrus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Dinobastis Cope, 1893GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Dinobastis

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1890Homotherium Fabrini
1893Dinobastis Cope p. 897
1902Dinobastis Hay p. 781
1918Ischyrosmilus Merriam
1968Homotherium Kurten p. 75
1968Homotherium (Dinobastis) Kurten p. 76
1970Ischyrosmilus Bjork p. 43
1980Ischyrosmilus Kurten and Anderson p. 188
1980Homotherium Kurten and Anderson p. 190
1983Dinobastis Berta and Galiano p. 896
1983Homotherium Berta and Galiano p. 896
1984Ischyrosmilus Churcher
YearName and Author
1988Dinobastis Carroll
1988Homotherium Carroll
1988Dinobastis Martin et al.
1996Homotherium Scharapov
1997Homotherium Geraads p. 145
1998Dinobastis Martin
1998Homotherium Martin p. 239
2000Homotherium Martin et al. p. 42
2008Homotherium Slater and Van Valkenburgh p. 407
2010Homotherium Werdelin and Peigne p. 651
2013Homotherium Wallace and Hulbert p. 3

References

Alroy J. (2002) Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals
Cope E. D. A new Plistocene sabre-tooth, American Naturalist 27, 896-897
Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868
Merriam J. C. (1918) New Mammalia From the Idaho Formation, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology 10 26, 523-550
Kurten B. (1968) Pleistocene Mammals of Europe, 1-317
Bjork P. R. (1970) The Carnivora of the Hagerman Local Fauna (Late Pliocene) of Southwestern Idaho, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 60 7, 3-54
Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442
Berta A., Galiano H. (1983) Megantereon hesperus from the late Hemphillian of Florida with remarks on the phylogenetic relationships of machairodonts (Mammalia, Felidae, Machairodontinae), Journal of Paleontology 57 5, 892-899
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Martin L. D., Schultz C. B., et al (1988) Saber-toothed cats from the Plio-Pleistocene of Nebraska, Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences 16, 53-64
Geraads D. (1997) Carnivores du Pliocene terminal de Ahl al Oughlam (Casablanca, Maroc), Géobios 30 1, 127-164
Martin L. D. (1998) Felidae, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1, 236-242
Martin L. D., Babiarz J. P., et al (2000) Three ways to be a saber-toothed cat, Naturwissenschaften 87, 41-44
Slater G. J., Van Valkenburgh B. (2008) Long in the tooth: evolution of sabertooth cat cranial shape, Paleobiology 34 3, 403-419 doi:dx.doi.org/10.1666/07061.1
Werdelin L., Peigne S. (2010) Carnivora, Cenozoic Mammals of Africa, 603-657
Wallace S. C., Hulbert R. C. (2013) A New Machairodont from the Palmetto Fauna (Early Pliocene) of Florida, with Comments on the Origin of the Smilodontini (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae), PLoS One 8 3, e561734 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056173
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Bull. Com. Geol. Ital., 21 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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