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Achistridae ✝

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Achistrum sp.

Mazon Creek, Will County, Illinois, USA

Achistrum sp.

Mazon Creek, Will County, Illinois, USA

Achistrum sp.

Mazon Creek, Will County, Illinois, USA

Achistrum sp.

Mazon Creek, Will County, Illinois, USA

Achistrum sp.

Mazon Creek, Will County, Illinois, USA

Achistrum sp.

Mazon Creek, Will County, Illinois, USA

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4874904	https://www.gbif.org/species/4874904
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	161986	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=161986

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Holothuroidea : Apodida : Achistridae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Holothuroidea : Apodida : Achistridae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata	Klein 1754
class	Holothuroidea
order	Apodida	Brandt 1835
family	Achistridae	Frizzell and Exline 1955

Scientific Name

Achistridae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Achistridae	family	belongs to Holothuroidea	stated without evidence	Frizzell and Exline, 1955
Achistridae	family	belongs to Holothuroidea	implied	Langenheim and Epis, 1957
Achistridae	family	belongs to Holothuroidea	stated without evidence	Hampton, 1958
Achistridae	family	replaced by Achistrulidae	stated without evidence	Deflandre-Rigaud, 1962
Achistridae	family	belongs to Apodida	stated without evidence	Pawson, 1966
Achistridae	family	belongs to Holothuroidea	stated without evidence	Frizzell and Exline, 1966
Achistridae	family	belongs to Holothuroidea	implied	Wernlund, 1977
Achistridae	family	belongs to Apodida	stated without evidence	Gilliland, 1992

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

408 - 393 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian

Last Recorded Appearance

113 - 101 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Environment

marine (based on Echinodermata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Apodida)

Vision

blind (based on Holothuroidea)

Diet

detritivore (based on Apodida)

Reproduction

dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Echinodermata)

Ontogeny

accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)

Taphonomy

high Mg calcite (based on Apodida)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

D. L. Frizzell and H. Exline. 1955. Monograph of fossil holothurian sclerites. Bulletin of the Missouri University School of Metallurgy and Mines, Technical series 89:1-204

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Aboculus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	265 Ma Permian	265 Ma Permian
Achistrum ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		160	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1955	Achistridae Frizzell and Exline
1957	Achistridae Langenheim and Epis p. 167
1958	Achistridae Hampton p. 75
1966	Achistridae Frizzell and Exline p. U665
1966	Achistridae Pawson p. U645
1976	Achistridae Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd p. 12

Year	Name and Author
1977	Achistridae Wernlund p. 42
1992	Achistridae Gilliland p. 194
1993	Achistridae Gilliland pp. 122, 136
1999	Achistridae Reich p. 385
2001	Achistridae Boczarowski p. 153
2010	Achistridae Bohaty and Herbig p. 380

References

Frizzell D. L., Exline H. (1955) Monograph of fossil holothurian sclerites, Bulletin of the Missouri University School of Metallurgy and Mines, Technical series 89, 1-204

Langenheim R. L., Epis R. C. (1957) Holothurian sclerites from the Mississippian Escabrosa limestone, Arizona, Micropaleontology 3 2, 165-170

Hampton J. S. (1958) Subgenera of the Holothurian Genus Achistrum, Micropaleontology 4 1, 75-77

Frizzell D. L., Exline H. (1966) Holothuroidea - Fossil Record, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part U. Echinodermata 3. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press 2, U646-U672

Pawson D. L. (1966) Phylogeny and evolution of holothuroids, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part U. Echinodermata 3. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press 2, U641-U646

Mostler H., Rahimi-Yazd A. (1976) Neue Holothuriensklerite aus dem Oberperm von Julfa in Nordiran, Geologisch-Paläontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 5, 1-35

Wernlund R. J. (1977) , Biostratigraphy and paleocology of Holothurian sclerites from the Pinery Member, Bell Canyon Formation (Permian) of the Delaware Basin of West Texas. Master thesis, Geosciences Faculty of Texas Tech University, 1-122

Gilliland P. M. (1992) Holothurians in the Blue Lias of Southern Britain, Palaeontology 35 1, 159-210

Gilliland P. M. (1993) The skeletal morphology, systematics and evolutionary history of holothurians, Special Papers in Palaeontology 47, 1-147

Reich M. (1999) über Achistrum huckei (Frizzell & Hexline 1956) [Holothuroidea, Echinodermata] aus der Unterkreide von Bartin (Hinterpommern), Greifswalder Geowissenschaftliche Beiträge 6, 383-391

Boczarowski A. (2001) Isolated sclerites of Devonian nonpelmatozoan echinoderms, Palaeontologia Polonica 59, 3-220

Bohaty J., Herbig H.-G. (2010) Middle Givetian echinoderms from the Schlade Valley (Rhenish Massif, Germany): habitats, taxonomy and ecostratigraphy, Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 84, 365-385

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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