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Periarchus ✝

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Periarchus lyelli

Citrus County, Florida, USA

Periarchus lyelli

Citrus County, Florida, USA

Periarchus lyelli

Citrus County, Florida, USA

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4875258	https://www.gbif.org/species/4875258
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	33156	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=33156

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Clypeasteroida : Protoscutellidae : Periarchus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Clypeasteroida : Protoscutellidae : Periarchus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata	Klein 1754
subphylum	Echinozoa	von Zittel 1895
class	Echinoidea
subclass	Euechinoidea	Bronn 1860
superorder	Acroechinoidea
-	Carinacea	Kroh and Smith 2010
-	Irregularia
-	Microstomata	Smith 1984
-	Neognathostomata	Smith 1981
order	Clypeasteroida	Agassiz 1836
suborder	Scutellina
infraorder	Scutelliformes	Haeckel 1896
family	Protoscutellidae	Durham 1955
genus	Periarchus	Conrad 1866

Scientific Name

Periarchus Conrad, 1866

Name Published In

Smithson. Misc. Coll., 7 (6), no. 200

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Periarchus	genus	belongs to Scutellidae	stated without evidence	Clark and Twitchell, 1915
Periarchus	genus	belongs to Protoscutellidae	stated without evidence	Durham, 1966
Periarchus	genus	belongs to Clypeasteroida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

56.0 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene

Last Recorded Appearance

37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene

Environment

marine (based on Echinodermata)

Motility

slow-moving (based on Clypeasteroida)

Vision

limited (based on Echinoidea)

Diet

detritivore (based on Clypeasteroida)

Reproduction

dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Echinodermata)

Ontogeny

accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)

Taphonomy

high Mg calcite (based on Echinoidea)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

T. A. Conrad. 1866. Check list of the invertebrate fossils of North America: Eocene and Oligocene. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 7:1-41

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Periarchus altus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Periarchus kewi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Periarchus lyelli ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	64	48.6 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Periarchus pileussinensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	7	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Periarchus protuberans ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	56.0 Ma Paleocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Periarchus quinquefarius ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	3	56.0 Ma Paleocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Periarchus rutriformis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1866	Periarchus Conrad p. 21
1915	Periarchus Clark and Twitchell p. 130
1942	Periarchus Cooke p. 13
1966	Periarchus Durham p. U477
1968	Periarchus Kier p. 38
1997	Periarchus Kier p. 8
2002	Periarchus Sepkoski, Jr.

References

Conrad T. A. Check list of the invertebrate fossils of North America: Eocene and Oligocene, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 7, 1-41

Clark W. B., Twitchell M. W. (1915) The Mesozoic and Cenozoic Echinodermata of the United States, United States Geological Survey Bulletin 54, 1-341

Cooke C. W. (1942) Cenozoic irregular echinoids of the Eastern United States, Journal of Paleontology 16, 1-62

Durham J. W. (1966) Clypeasteroids, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,Part U Echinodermata 3. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press 2, U450-U491

Kier P. M. (1968) Echinoids from the Middle Eocene Lake City Formation of Georgia, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 153 2, 1-45

Kier P. M. (1997) Oligocene echinoids of North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 83, 1-37

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Museum Victoria KEmu database (Oct 2006) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Smithson. Misc. Coll., 7 (6), no. 200 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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