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Protoscutella

Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4875307https://www.gbif.org/species/4875307
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)33161https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=33161
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Clypeasteroida : Protoscutellidae : Protoscutella
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Clypeasteroida : Protoscutellidae : Protoscutella
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
-Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermataKlein 1754
subphylumEchinozoavon Zittel 1895
classEchinoidea
subclassEuechinoideaBronn 1860
superorderAcroechinoidea
-CarinaceaKroh and Smith 2010
-Irregularia
-MicrostomataSmith 1984
-NeognathostomataSmith 1981
orderClypeasteroidaAgassiz 1836
suborderScutellina
infraorderScutelliformesHaeckel 1896
familyProtoscutellidaeDurham 1955
genusProtoscutellaStefanini 1924
Scientific NameProtoscutella Stefanini, 1924
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Protoscutellagenusbelongs to Scutellidaestated without evidenceCooke, 1942
Protoscutellagenusbelongs to Protoscutellidaestated without evidenceDurham, 1966
Protoscutellagenusbelongs to Clypeasteroidasecond handSepkoski, 2002
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)7
First Recorded Appearance56.0 - 47.8 Ma
Eocene
Last Recorded Appearance28.1 - 20.4 Ma
Cenozoic
Environmentmarine (based on Echinodermata)
Motilityslow-moving (based on Clypeasteroida)
Visionlimited (based on Echinoidea)
Dietdetritivore (based on Clypeasteroida)
Reproductiondispersal=water,planktonic (based on Echinodermata)
Ontogenyaccretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)
Taphonomyhigh Mg calcite (based on Echinoidea)
Primary Reference (PBDB)G. Stefanini. 1924. Relations between American and European Tertiary echinoid faunas. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 35:827-846

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Protoscutella conradi
species
listed (PBDB)1647.8 Ma
Eocene
41.3 Ma
Eocene
Protoscutella mississippiensis
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1156.0 Ma
Paleocene
47.8 Ma
Eocene
Protoscutella palmeri
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Protoscutella pentagonium
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
348.6 Ma
Eocene
28.1 Ma
Oligocene
Protoscutella plana
species
listed (PBDB)1141.3 Ma
Eocene
37.2 Ma
Eocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1924Protoscutella Stefanini p. 843
1942Protoscutella Cooke p. 17
1966Protoscutella Durham p. U477
1980Protoscutella Kier p. 35
2002Protoscutella Sepkoski, Jr.

References

Stefanini G. (1924) Relations between American and European Tertiary echinoid faunas, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 35, 827-846
Cooke C. W. (1942) Cenozoic irregular echinoids of the Eastern United States, Journal of Paleontology 16, 1-62
Durham J. W. (1966) Clypeasteroids, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,Part U Echinodermata 3. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press 2, U450-U491
Kier P. M. (1980) The Echinoids of the Middle Eocene Warley Hill Formation, Santee Limestone, and Castle Hayne Limestone of North and South Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 39, 1-102
Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560
Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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