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Holaster

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Holaster sp.

Betchworth Quarry, Mole Valley, Surrey, England, UK

Holaster sp.

Betchworth Quarry, Mole Valley, Surrey, England, UK

Holaster sp.

Betchworth Quarry, Mole Valley, Surrey, England, UK

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4876386	https://www.gbif.org/species/4876386
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	33303	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=33303

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Holasteroida : Holasteridae : Holaster

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Holasteroida : Holasteridae : Holaster

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata	Klein 1754
subphylum	Echinozoa	von Zittel 1895
class	Echinoidea
subclass	Euechinoidea	Bronn 1860
superorder	Acroechinoidea
-	Carinacea	Kroh and Smith 2010
-	Irregularia
-	Atelostomata	von Zittel 1879
order	Holasteroida	Durham and Melville 1957
suborder	Meridosternata	Lovèn 1883
family	Holasteridae	Pictet 1857
genus	Holaster	L.Agassiz 1835

Scientific Name

Holaster L.Agassiz, 1835

Name Published In

Agassiz, L. 1835. Notice sur les fossiles Crétacés du Jura Neuchâtelois. Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de Neuchâtel 1, 126-145.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Holaster	genus	belongs to Echinocorythidae	stated without evidence	Clark and Twitchell, 1915
Holaster	genus	belongs to Spatangidae	stated without evidence	Cooke, 1942
Holaster	genus	belongs to Holasteridae	stated with evidence	Cooke, 1959
Holaster	genus	belongs to Holasteridae	stated without evidence	Wagner and Durham, 1966
Holaster	genus	belongs to Holasteridae	stated with evidence	Shmidt, 1976
Holaster	genus	belongs to Holasteroida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

2 (25%)

First Recorded Appearance

140 - 133 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Environment

marine (based on Holasteroida)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Holasteroida)

Vision

limited (based on Echinoidea)

Diet

detritivore (based on Holasteroida)

Reproduction

dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Holasteroida)

Ontogeny

accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)

Taphonomy

high Mg calcite (based on Holasteroida)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Ananchytes cinctus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster bonansensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster cantianus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster cenomanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster cinctus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		4	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	59.2 Ma Paleocene
Holaster clypeatulus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster comanchesi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster feralis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Holaster feruglioi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster hermitei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster hungaricus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster icaunensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster indicus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Holaster integer species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster italicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster jullieni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster latissimus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster lerichei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster lorioli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster marginalis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Holaster marinellii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster mortenseni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster nanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster nodulosus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Holaster pseudonodulosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster pyriformis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster revestensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster senonensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster similis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster simplex species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	112 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Holaster subquadratus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster tanamensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Holaster tizigrarina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster vanhoepeni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holaster vernonnettensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1836	Holaster Agassiz p. 183
1915	Holaster Clark and Twitchell p. 85
1942	Holaster Cooke p. 52
1959	Holaster Cooke p. 65
1966	Holaster Wagner and Durham p. U528
1976	Holaster Shmidt p. 152
2002	Holaster Sepkoski, Jr.

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Clark W. B., Twitchell M. W. (1915) The Mesozoic and Cenozoic Echinodermata of the United States, United States Geological Survey Bulletin 54, 1-341

Cooke C. W. (1942) Cenozoic irregular echinoids of the Eastern United States, Journal of Paleontology 16, 1-62

Cooke C. W. (1959) Cenozoic echinoids of eastern United States, United States Geological Survey Professional Papers 321, 1-106

Wagner C. D., Durham J. W. (1966) Holasteroids, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,Part U Echinodermata 3. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press 2, U523-U543

Shmidt O. I. (1976) O pervykh nakhodkakh morskikh ezhey v verkhnemelovykh otlozheniyakh Sovetskoy Arktiki, Trudy Vsesoyuzhnogo Neftyanogo Nauchno-Issledovatelskogo Geologorazvedochnogo Instituta 388, 151-156

Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Neuchâtel, 1, 1835 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Storer et al., 1979 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Agassiz, L. 1835. Notice sur les fossiles Crétacés du Jura Neuchâtelois. Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de Neuchâtel 1, 126-145. - via World Register of Marine Species

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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