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Platynus

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Description

Platynus is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. There are at least 190 described species in Platynus.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platynus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4988796	https://www.gbif.org/species/4988796
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	206958	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=206958

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : Platynus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Mandibulata
-	Pancrustacea
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
-	Cercofilata	Kukalová-Peck 1987
class	Insecta	Linnaeus 1758
-	Dicondylia
-	Paranotalia	Sroka et al. 2014
subclass	Pterygota	Brauer 1885
-	Neopterygota	Crampton 1924
infraclass	Neoptera	Martynov 1923
-	Holometabola
-	Aparaglossata
-	Coleopterida	Kukalová-Peck and Lawrence 2004
order	Coleoptera	Linnaeus 1758
suborder	Adephaga	Clairville 1806
family	Carabidae	Latreille 1802
subfamily	Platyninae
tribe	Platynini	Bonelli 1810
genus	Platynus	Bonelli 1810

Scientific Name

Platynus Bonelli, 1810

Name Published In

Bonelli, Franco A. 1810. Observations entomologiques. Première partie (cicindélètes et portion des carabiques). Félix Galletti, Turin.: 1-58; Tabula synoptica.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Platynus	genus	belongs to Carabiques	stated with evidence	Dejean, 1821
Platynus	genus	belongs to Platyni	stated with evidence	LeConte, 1861
Platynus	genus	belongs to Carabidae	stated with evidence	Scudder, 1878
Platynus	genus	belongs to Platynini	stated with evidence	Bouchard et al., 2011

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

4 (17%)

First Recorded Appearance

50.3 - 46.2 Ma
Eocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Insecta)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Arthropoda)

Taphonomy

chitin (based on Insecta)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

F. A. Bonelli. 1810. Observations Entomologiques. Première Partie (Cicindélètes et Portion des Carabiques)

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platynus

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Platynus (Batenus) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Platynus acroglyptus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus acuniai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus aeneicauda species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus aeneosetosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus agilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus aguadensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus algirinus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus altifluminis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus amicorum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus amone species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus anatolicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus andrewesi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus angustatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus arboreus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus asper species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus assimilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus azbleotroades species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus ballorum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus baragua species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus barclayi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus baroni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus batesi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus benardi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus biramosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus bromeliarum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus bruesi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus bruneri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus brunneomarginatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus bruskelchus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus bucheri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus caesus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	50.3 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Platynus calathinus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus calvini ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Platynus carabiai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus casus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Platynus cavatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus cavicola species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus christophe species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus cinchonae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus cincticollis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus cohni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus complanatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus conicicollis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus constricticeps species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus consularis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus convexulus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus cubensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus cyanodorsalis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus cychrinus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus darlingtoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus daviesi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus decentis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus depressus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus desuetus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Platynus deuvei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus dianus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus dilapidatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Platynus dilatipes species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus dissipatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Platynus districtus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus eulabes species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus eupunctatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus exterminatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Platynus faber species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus ferghanicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus florissantensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Platynus fractilateralis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus fractilinea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus franiai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus fratrorum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus fukiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus funebris species	listed (PBDB)		1	0.30 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Platynus fur species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus glacialis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus grandicollis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus grassator species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus haemorrhous species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus halli ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Platynus hamatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus harttii ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Platynus henvelus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus herculeanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus hindei ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Platynus hypolithos species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus hypolithus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus immarginatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus incisus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus indecentis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus inops species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus insculptipennis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Platynus interglacialis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Platynus interitus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Platynus isthmiacus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus jaegeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus jamaicae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus kazuyoshii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus klausnitzeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus kleebergi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus klickai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus komarovi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus krynickii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus kucerai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus laeviceps species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus laevis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus leiroides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus lewisi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus lindrothi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus lineopunctatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus livens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus logicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus longaevus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Platynus longiventris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus lyratus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus macer species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus macropterus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus magnus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus mannerheimii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus marcus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus matsumurai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus mediopterus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus medius species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus meurguesae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus meurguesianus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus mixius species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus montezumae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus nuceus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus opaculus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus ovipennis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus pakistanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus parallelosomus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus parmarginatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus pecki species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus peirolerii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus pinarensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus platynidioides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus pleistocenicus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Platynus praedator species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus prognathus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus protensus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus proximus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus punctus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus pygmaeus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus ramoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus rarus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus rastafarius species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus richteri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus robustus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus rougemonti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus roysi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus rubrofemoratus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus santarosae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus satsunanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus schnitteri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus scriptellus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus scriptus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus scrobiculatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus senex ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	50.3 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Platynus setiporus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus sexualis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus staveni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus stricticollis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus strictinotum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus subangustus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus subcordens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus subgelidus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Platynus subovalis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus subovatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus takabai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus tartareus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Platynus tasmantus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus tenuicollis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus teriolensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus tipoto species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus tolucensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus transcibao species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus trifoveolatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus trisetosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus tropicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus turberensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus turquinensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus umbripennis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus ustus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus vagepunctatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus viator species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus viridinitens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus visitor species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus wassulandi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus willbergi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus wolla species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platynus zengae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Microplatynus Barr, 1982	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Microplatynus*
Platynomenus Adam, 1996	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Platynomenus*
Paranomus Chaudoir, 1842	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Paranomus*
Ophryodactylus Chaudoir, 1842	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Ophryodactylus*
Pseudoplatynus Habu, 1973	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Pseudoplatynus*
Batenus Motschulsky, 1865	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Batenus*
Scaphiodactylus Chaudoir, 1838	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Scaphiodactylus*
Stenoplatynus Casey, 1920	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Stenoplatynus*
Omiastus Motschoulsky, 1864	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Omiastus*
Platynus Stephens, 1827	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Platynus*
Metallosomus Motschoulsky, 1855	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Metallosomus*
Anacolpodes Casey, 1920	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Anacolpodes*
Stenocnemion Moret, 1988	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Stenocnemion*
Bolivaridius Straneo, 1957	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Bolivaridius*
Plantyus Casey, 1920	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Plantyus*
Trapezodera Casey, 1920	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Trapezodera*
Hydrodyscolus Moret, 1996	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Hydrodyscolus*
Tepuydites Monguzzi & Trezzi, 1993	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Tepuydites*
Dyscolidion Moret, 1990	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Dyscolidion*
Plocodes Casey, 1920	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Plocodes*
Platynopsis Lucnik, 1915	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Platynopsis*
Paranchomenus Casey, 1920	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Paranchomenus*
Metalosomus Motschoulsky, 1864	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Metalosomus*
Pleurosoma Guérin-Ménéville, 1844	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Pleurosoma*
Platynidius Casey, 1920	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Platynidius*
Glyptolenopsis Perrault, 1991	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Glyptolenopsis*
Platynella Casey, 1920	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : *Platynella*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1810	Platynus Bonelli
1821	Platynus Dejean p. 10
1861	Platynus LeConte p. 26
1878	Platynus Scudder p. 759
1890	Platynus Scudder p. 518
1900	Platynus Scudder p. 29
1917	Platynus Wickham p. 463
2011	Platynus Bouchard et al.
2011	Platynus Tamutis et al.

References

Bonelli F. A. , Observations Entomologiques. Première Partie (Cicindélètes et Portion des Carabiques), 1-58

Dejean P. F. M. , Catalogue de la collection de Coléoptères de M. le Baron Dejean, 1-136

Scudder S. H. The Fossil Insects of the Green River Shales, Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories 4 4, 747-776

Scudder S. H. The Tertiary Insects of North America, Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories XIII, 1-734

Scudder S. H. Adephagous and clavicorn Coleoptera from the Tertiary deposits at Florissant, Colorado with descriptions of a few other forms and a systematic list of the non-rhynchophorus Tertiary Coleoptera of North America, Monographs of the United States Geological Survey 40, 1-148

Wickham H. F. (1917) New Species of Fossil Beetles from Florissant, Colorado, Proceedings of the United States National Museum 52, 463-472

Bouchard P., Bousquet Y., et al (2011) Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta), ZooKeys 88, 1-972

Tamutis V., Tamuté B., et al (2011) A catalogue of Lithuanian beetles (Insecta, Coleoptera), ZooKeys 121, 1-494

Bousquet, Yves, and André Larochelle, 1993: Catalogue of the Geadephaga (Coleoptera: Trachypachidae, Rhysodidae, Carabidae including Cicindelini) of America North of Mexico. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, no. 167. 397. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Bousquet, Yves, 2012: Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico. ZooKeys, issue 245. 1-1722. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Hallan, J. (2000-current). Biology Catalog. Web compilation accessible at http://bug.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/ (accessed June 2012). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family (nonmarine except where stated) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Liebherr JK, Will KW (1996) New North American Platynus Bonelli (Coleoptera: Carabidae), a key to species north of Mexico, and notes on species from the southwestern United States. The Coleopterists Bulletin 50: 301-320. - via Checklist of Beetles (Coleoptera) of Canada and Alaska. Second Edition.

Gustafsson, B. (Col.) (2004) Catalogus Coleopterorum Sueciae. Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm, Excelfil hämtad från http://www.nrm.se/en/catalogus.html.se. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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