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Motacillidae

Description

The wagtails, longclaws and pipits are a family, Motacillidae, of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. There are around 65 species in 6 genera. The longclaws are entirely restricted to the Afrotropics, and the wagtails are predominantly found in Europe, Africa and Asia, with two species migrating and breeding in Alaska. The pipits have the most cosmopolitan distribution, being found across mostly in the Old World but occurring also in the Americas and oceanic islands such as New Zealand and the Falklands. Two African species, the yellow-breasted pipit and Sharpe's longclaw, are sometimes placed in a separate seventh genus, Hemimacronyx, which is closely related to the longclaws.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)5257https://www.gbif.org/species/5257
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)368920https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=368920
Rankfamily
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Motacillidae
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-DinosauromorphaBenton 1985
-DinosauriformesNovas 1992
-Dinosauria
-Saurischia
-Theropoda
-NeotheropodaBakker 1986
-AverostraPaul 2002
-TetanuraeGauthier 1986
orderAvetheropodaPaul 1988
suborderCoelurosauriaHuene 1914
-ManiraptoraGauthier 1986
-ParavesSereno 1997
classAvesLinnaeus 1758
-PygostyliaChiappe 2002
-OrnithothoracesChiappe and Calvo 1994
-OrnithuromorphaChiappe et al. 1999
subclassOrnithuraeHaeckel 1866
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
-Neognathae
-NeoavesSibley et al. 1988
-TerrestrornithesLivezey and Zusi 2007
-Dendrornithes
-AnomalogonatesGarrod 1874
-PicoclamatoresLivezey and Zusi 2007
superorderPasserimorphaeSibley et al. 1988
orderPasseriformesLinnaeus 1758
familyMotacillidaeHorsfield 1821
Scientific NameMotacillidae
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Motacillidaefamilybelongs to Oscinesstated with evidenceLambrecht, 1933
Motacillidaefamilybelongs to Passeriformesstated without evidenceBrunet, 1970
Motacillidaefamilybelongs to Passeriformesstated with evidenceClements et al., 2017
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)16
Extant Size (PBDB)13 (81%)
First Recorded Appearance5.33 - 3.60 Ma
Neogene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Theropoda)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Theropoda)
Dietcarnivore (based on Coelurosauria)
Reproductionoviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)
Ontogenyaccretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. F. Clements, T. S. Schulenberg, and M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017
Common Name(s) Piepers En Kwikstaarten, Wagtails, Pipits, Erlefamilien, Kwikstaarten En Piepers, Pipits, Wagtails, ärlor Och Piplärkor, ärlor
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motacillidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Motacillinae
subfamily
listed (PBDB)10.78 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant
Amaurocichla
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Anthus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
245.33 Ma
Miocene
0 Ma
Extant
Budytes
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Dendronanthus
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hemimacronyx
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Macronyx
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Motacilla
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Wagtail95.33 Ma
Miocene
0 Ma
Extant
Palaegithalus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
138.0 Ma
Eocene
0 Ma
Extant
Tmetothylacus
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1821Motacillidae Horsfield
1933Motacillidae Lambrecht p. 641
1970Motacillidae Brunet p. 48
2017Motacillidae Clements et al.

References

Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017
Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024
Brunet J. (1970) Oiseaux de l'Éocène supérieur du bassin de Paris, Annales de Paléontologie. Vertébrés 56, 3-57
Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, Ragnar, Hallingbäck, Tomas, Hansson, Hans G. & Hedström, Lars (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska djurfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
Jirle, M. (2015) Officiella svenska namn på alla världens fågelfamiljer – Taxonomikommittén SOF/BirdLife Sverige – version 10 (11 februari 2015. ). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
Gill, D. (eds.) (2015) IOC World Bird List (v 5.1). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.5.1. Online: http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
Gray, I. (2013) Australian Bird Names: A Complete Guide. CSIRO Publishing, pp. 352 - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Eberhard Mey (1973) Zum Vorkommen der Pieper und Stelzen (Motacillidae) bei Eisenach - via Phthiraptera.info
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Gray, I. (2013) Australian Bird Names: A Complete Guide. CSIRO Publishing, pp. 352 - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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