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Icteridae

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Description

Icterids make up a family (Icteridae) of small- to medium-sized, often colorful, New World passerine birds. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red. The species in the family vary widely in size, shape, behavior, and coloration. The name, meaning "jaundiced ones" (from the prominent yellow feathers of many species) comes from the Ancient Greek ikteros via the Latin ictericus. This group includes the New World blackbirds, New World orioles, the bobolink, meadowlarks, grackles, cowbirds, oropendolas, and caciques.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icteridae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	6176	https://www.gbif.org/species/6176
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	83663	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=83663

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Icteridae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
-	Pygostylia	Chiappe 2002
-	Ornithothoraces	Chiappe and Calvo 1994
-	Ornithuromorpha	Chiappe et al. 1999
subclass	Ornithurae	Haeckel 1866
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
-	Neognathae
-	Neoaves	Sibley et al. 1988
-	Terrestrornithes	Livezey and Zusi 2007
-	Dendrornithes
-	Anomalogonates	Garrod 1874
-	Picoclamatores	Livezey and Zusi 2007
superorder	Passerimorphae	Sibley et al. 1988
order	Passeriformes	Linnaeus 1758
family	Icteridae	Vigors 1825

Scientific Name

Icteridae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Icteridae	family	belongs to Passeres	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Icteridae	family	belongs to Oscines	stated with evidence	Lambrecht, 1933
Icteridae	family	belongs to Passeriformes	stated without evidence	Alvarez, 1977
Icteridae	subfamily	belongs to Emberizidae	stated without evidence	Emslie, 1992
Icteridae	family	belongs to Passeriformes	stated with evidence	Clements et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

28 (76%)

First Recorded Appearance

4.90 - 1.80 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

terrestrial

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

insectivore, frugivore

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. Shoshani, D. C. Fisher, and J. M. Zawiskie, S. J. Thurlow, S. L. Shoshani, W. S. Benninghoff, F. H. Zoch. 1989. The Shelton Mastodon Site: Multidisciplinary study of a late Pleistocene (Twocreekan) locality in Southeastern Michigan. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27(14):393-436

Common Name(s)

Oropendolas, Orioles & Blackbirds, Troepialen, Trupialfamilien, New World Blackbirds, American Blackbirds, Orioles, New World Blackbirds, Orioles And Allies, Troupials, Trupialer

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icteridae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Agelaioides genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Agelaius genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		18	4.90 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Agelasticus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Amblycercus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Amblyramphus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cacicus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Chrysomus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Cremaster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Curaeus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Dives genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Dolichonyx genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Euphagus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Blackbird	9	1.81 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Gnorimopsar genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gymnomystax genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Hypopyrrhus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Icterus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	New World Oriole	4	0.30 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Lampropsar genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Macroagelaius genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Megaquiscalus genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Molothrus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	1.81 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Nesopsar genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ocyalus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pandanaris ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	0.30 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Psarocolius genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pseudoleistes genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pyelorhamphus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Quiscalus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Grackle	12	0.30 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Scolecophagus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sturnella genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Meadowlark	18	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Xanthocephalus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	0.30 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Xanthopsar genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1825	Icteridae Vigors
1902	Icteridae Hay p. 537
1933	Icteridae Lambrecht p. 643
1977	Icteridae Alvarez p. 217
1989	Icteridae Shoshani et al. p. 436
1992	Icterinae Emslie p. 264
1992	Icterinae Parmalee p. 316
2017	Icteridae Clements et al.

References

Shoshani J., Fisher D. C., et al (1989) The Shelton Mastodon Site: Multidisciplinary study of a late Pleistocene (Twocreekan) locality in Southeastern Michigan, Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27 14, 393-436

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024

Alvarez R. (1977) A Pleistocene avifauna from Jalisco, Mexico, Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan 24 19, 205-220

Emslie S. D. (1992) Two new late Blancan avifaunas from Florida and the extinction of wetland birds in the Plio-Pleistocene, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series 36, 249-269

Parmalee P. W. (1992) A late Pleistocene avifauna from northwestern Alabama, Science Series, Los Angeles Museum of Natural History, Science, and Art 36, 307-318

Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017

Woehler E.J. (compiler) 2006. Species list prepared for SCAR/IUCN/BirdLife International Workshop on Antarctic Regional Seabird Populations, March 2005, Cambridge, UK. - via World Register of Marine Species

Griscom, L.,H. Friedmann,L. Griscom,Miller, A. H.,R. T. Moore (1952) Family Formicariidae, antbirds - via Colaboraciones Americanas Sobre Aves

Neff, J. A. (1941) Arboreal nests of the Gambel Quail in Arizona - via Colaboraciones Americanas Sobre Aves

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Dickinson, Edward C., ed., 2003: null. The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, 3rd Edition. 1039. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Brands, S.J. (comp.) (2014) The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. [http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/]. 1989-present. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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