Log InRegister
Quick Links : The Mindat ManualThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic Time
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsUsersMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice SettingsThe Mineral Quiz
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColorNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography
BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Pteranodon

Description

Pteranodon (from Greek πτερόν (pteron, "wing") and ἀνόδων (anodon, "toothless")) is a genus of pterosaur that included some of the largest known flying reptiles, with wingspans over 7 meters (23 feet). They lived during the late Cretaceous geological period of North America in present-day Kansas, Alabama, Nebraska, Wyoming, and South Dakota. More fossil specimens of Pteranodon have been found than any other pterosaur, with about 1,200 specimens known to science, many of them well preserved with nearly complete skulls and articulated skeletons. It was an important part of the animal community in the Western Interior Seaway.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)7236934https://www.gbif.org/species/7236934
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)38502https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38502
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pteranodon
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Pteranodon
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)doubtful
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-PterosauromorphaPadian 1997
-Pterosauria
suborderPterodactyloideaPlieninger 1901
suborderPteranodontiaMarsh 1876
genusPteranodonMiller 1972
Scientific NamePteranodon Miller, 1972
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Pteranodongenusbelongs to Pteranodontidaestated without evidenceMarsh, 1876
Pteranodongenusbelongs to Pteranodontiastated with evidenceGünther, 1886
Pteranodongenusbelongs to Pteranodontidaestated with evidenceZittel, 1890
Pteranodongenusbelongs to Pteranodontidaestated without evidenceWilliston, 1892
Pteranodongenussubjective synonym of Ornithostomastated without evidenceWilliston, 1893
Pteranodongenusbelongs to Pteranodontidaestated without evidenceHay, 1902
Pteranodongenusbelongs to Ornithocheirinaestated with evidenceWilliston, 1903
Pteranodongenusbelongs to Ornithocheiridaestated without evidenceHarksen, 1966
Pteranodongenusbelongs to Pteranodontidaestated without evidenceSchoch, 1984
Pteranodongenusbelongs to OrnithocheiridaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Pteranodongenusbelongs to Pteranodontidaestated with evidenceBennett, 1989
Pteranodongenusbelongs to Pteranodontidaestated without evidenceMurry et al., 1991
Pteranodongenusbelongs to Pteranodontidaestated with evidenceBennett, 1994
Pteranodongenusbelongs to Ornithocheiroideastated without evidenceAndres et al., 2014
Pteranodongenusbelongs to Pteranodontiastated with evidenceHeadden and Campos, 2014
Pteranodongenusbelongs to Pteranodontoideastated with evidenceVila Nova et al., 2014
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)6
First Recorded Appearance89.8 - 83.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Last Recorded Appearance83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Environmentmarine (based on Pterosauria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietpiscivore
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)O. C. Marsh. 1876. Notice of a new sub-order of Pterosauria. American Journal of Science 11:507-509
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteranodon

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Pteranodon (Longicepia)
subgenus
listed (PBDB)
Pteranodon (Occidentalia)
subgenus
listed (PBDB)
Pteranodon (Sternbergia)
subgenus
listed (PBDB)
Pteranodon longiceps
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
2285.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
83.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pteranodon sternbergi
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
289.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1871Pterodactylus oweni Marsh
1872Ornithochirus harpyia Cope
1872Ornithocheirus harpyia Cope p. 421
1872Ornithocheirus umbrosus Cope p. 421
1872Pterodactylus velox Marsh
1872Pterodactylus ingens Marsh pp. 241-247
1872Pterodactylus occidentalis Marsh pp. 241-247
1874Pterodactylus ingens Cope p. 26
1874Pterodactylus occidentalis Cope p. 26
1874Pterodactylus velox Cope p. 26
1876Pteranodon Marsh
1876Pteranodon velox Marsh
1876Pteranodon comptus Marsh p. 508
1876Pteranodon ingens Marsh p. 508
1876Pteranodon occidentalis Marsh p. 508
1884Pteranodon occidentalis Marsh p. 423
1884Pteranodon ingens Marsh p. 426
1886Pteranodon Günther p. 444
1890Pteranodon Zittel p. 799
1890Pteranodon comptus Zittel p. 799
1892Pteranodon ingens Williston p. 1
1892Pteranodon occidentalis Williston p. 1
1892Pteranodon comptus Williston p. 2
1892Pteranodon umbrosus Williston p. 2
1892Pteranodon velox Williston p. 2
YearName and Author
1892Pteranodon Williston p. 12
1893Ornithostoma ingens Williston p. 79
1902Pteranodon Hay p. 507
1902Pteranodon comptus Hay p. 507
1902Pteranodon ingens Hay p. 508
1902Pteranodon occidentalis Hay p. 508
1902Pteranodon velox Hay p. 508
1903Pteranodon ingens Williston
1903Pteranodon occidentalis Williston
1903Pteranodon velox Williston
1903Pteranodon Williston p. 159
1934Pteranodon occidentalis Swinton p. 21
1966Pteranodon Harksen p. 76
1984Pteranodon Schoch
1984Pteranodon ingens Schoch
1984Pteranodon occidentalis Schoch
1984Pteranodon velox Schoch
1988Pteranodon Carroll
1989Pteranodon Bennett
1991Pteranodon Murry et al. p. 167
1994Pteranodon Bennett p. 20
2003Pteranodon Unwin p. 145
2014Pteranodon Andres et al.
2014Pteranodon Headden and Campos
2014Pteranodon Vila Nova et al.

References

Marsh O. C. Notice of a new sub-order of Pterosauria, American Journal of Science 11, 507-509
Cope E. D. On two new ornithosaurians from Kansas, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12, 420-422
Marsh O. C. Discovery of additional remains of Pterosauria, with descriptions of two new species, American Journal of Science, Series 3 3, 241-248
Cope E. D. Review of the Vertebrata of the Cretaceous Period found west of the Mississippi River, Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, First Series 2, 3-48
Zittel K. A. v. , Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I. Abteilung Paleozoologie. III. Band. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves) [Handbook of Paleontology. Division I. Paleozoology. Volume III. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves)], xii-900
Williston S. W. Kansas pterodactyls 1, Kansas University Quarterly 1, 1-13
Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868
Williston S. W. (1903) On the osteology of Nyctosaurus (Nyctodactylus), with notes on American pterosaurs, Field Columbian Museum Publications, Geological Series 2, 125-163
Swinton W. E. (1934) , A Guide to the Fossil Birds, Reptiles, and Amphibians in the Department of Geology and Paleontology in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W. 7, xii-87
Harksen J. C. (1966) Pteranodon sternbergi, a new fossil pterodactyl from the Niobrara Cretaceous of Kansas, Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science 45, 74-77
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Bennett S. C. (1989) A pteranodontid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Peru, with comments on the relationships of Cretaceous pterosaurs, Journal of Paleontology 63 5, 669-677
Murry P. A., Winkler D. A., et al (1991) An azhdarchid pterosaur humerus from the Lower Cretaceous Glen Rose Formation of Texas, Journal of Paleontology 65 1, 167-170
Bennett S. C. (1994) Taxonomy and systematics of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea), Occasional Papers of the Natural History Museum of the University of Kansas 169, 1-70
Unwin D. M. (2003) On the phylogeny and evolutionary history of pterosaurs, Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs, Geological Society of London, Special Publications 217, 139-190
Andres B., Clark J., et al (2014) The earliest pterodactyloid and the origin of the group, Current Biology 24, 1-6
Headden J. A., Campos H. B. N. (2014) An unusual edentulous pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Romualdo Formation of Brazil, Historical Biology doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2014.904302
Vila Nova B. C., Sayão J. M., et al (2014) Redescription of Cearadactylus atrox (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea) from the Early Cretaceous Romualdo Formation (Santana Group) of the Araripe Basin, Brazil, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 1, 126-134
NZ cross ref or inferred from publ. title - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
Mindat Discussions Facebook Logo Instagram Logo Discord Logo
Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: May 1, 2024 20:25:00
Go to top of page